P. aristata (awned-coned). 
AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 141 
Pinus continued. 
trouble and expense of treating the plants with any of 
the washes or other substances that are successful 
against Aphides in general, except, perhaps, for the 
protection of very choice young plants. 
The appropriate treatment to prevent or to remedy 
the attacks of insect foes will be found under the 
various headings referred to, except for the leaf. de- 
stroying moths. For these, the most successful treatment 
will be found to be beating or jarring the branches, 
and crushing all larve that fall to the ground. 
N 
è = 
Fic. 173. BRANCH OF PINUS CONTORTA. 
l. in fives, thickly set all round 
the branches, three-sided, abruptly pointed, entire, exuding 
white resin on their surfaces ; those on young trees lin. to 13in. 
long, half a line wide; on old specimens, scarcely lin. long, 
thickly placed all round the branchlets. cones purplish-brown, 
oval, blunt-pointed, often appearing as if varnished, 24in, to 2łin. 
long, 14in. broad; scales awned. Branches spreading, often con- 
torted, covered with smooth, thin bark. h. 40ft. to 50ft. Cali- 
fornia, 1870. (G. C. m. s., iv. 549.) on 
P. australis (Southern). Z. in threes, Sin. to 9in. long, brilliant 
green, rather stout and reflexed when fully grown ; sheaths from 
Izin. to 2in. long when young, Buds large, imbricated, and free 
from resinous matter. cones Tin. to gin. long, 24in. broad, of a 
rich chestnut-brown colour, cylindrical, tapering to a blunt point. 
Branches few, robust, irregularly placed. B. 60ft. to 7Oft. 
Southern United States. Hardy in the Southern Counties. 
P. austriaca (Austrian).* Black Pine. “. rich, glossy dark 
green, rigid, sharp-pointed, erect, rounded on one side, and 
slightly channelled on the other, from 24in. to Sin, long; sheaths 
short, persistent. cones reddish-brown, 2in. to Sin. long, with 
less elevated, smooth and shining scales; seeds winged. h. 75ft, 
to 100ft. Austria, 1835. A handsome species, “sufficiently hardy 
to develop its beauty in the bleakest and most ex niga. 
tions.” Its method of propagation is similar to that described 
for P. Pinaster, but the necessity of transplanting the one-year- 
old seedlings is even greater, as otherwise the roots are defi- 
cient in compactness, and grow in a straggling manner, which 
transplantation corrects and modifies. Syns. P. Laricio 
austriaca, P. nigra. (G. C. n. s., ix. 275.) . : 
P. a. aurea (golden), A fine, free-growing form, with gold- 
tinted foliage. 
us continued. 
Balfouriana (Balfour's). Fox-tail or Hickory Pine. 1. light 
en, rigid, short, very glaucous on the inner face, a pressed, 
orming tufts lft. or more long at the ends of the branches. 
cones oval, about 2zin. long, and half as much in diameter; 
scales hard, coriaceous, with a small hook, curyed upwards. 
h. 40ft. to 50ft. California, 1852. An alpine species, usually with 
a pyramidal outline. (G. C. n. s., v. 332.) Can 
P. Benthamiana (Bentham’s). A synonym of P. ponderosa, 
P. Bolanderi (Bolander’s) A synonym of P, contorta. 
P, Boursieri (Boursier’s). A synonym of P. contorta. 
P. B. eana (Bunge’s).* Lace-bark Pine. l. bright pale preen, 
rigid, triquetrous or three-angled, compressed and sharply pointed ; 
sheaths short, deciduous. cones sı . Branches long and 
slender. R. 70ft. to 80ft. China, 1846. A beautiful and distinct 
species, rare in cultivation. See Fig. 171. (G. C. n. s., xviii. 8.) 
P. ONADAY TOR (Buonaparte's). l. in fives, but sometimes six, 
seven, eight, or nine in the same sheath, glaucous-green, angular 
on the inner face, very slender, 5in. long. cones straight, nearly 
cylindrical, 10in. to 12in. long, Sin. to 4in. in diameter; seeds 
large, with broad wings lin. long. Trunk straight, furnished 
with long, slender branches in_regular whorls, and pendent 
branchlets 2ft. to 3ft. long. A. 130ft. Sierra Madre. A noble, 
tolerably hardy tree. 
P. californica (Californian). A synonym of P. insignis, 
P. carpatica (Carpathian). A synonym of P, Mughus. 
P. Cembra (Cembra).* Swiss Stone Pine. L. marked with silver 
lines, slender, flexible, triquetrous, three-angled, with rough 
edges, 2in. to 5in. long ; sheaths small, deciduous. cones erect, 
oval, Sin. to 4in. long; scales smooth, terminating in a broad, 
obtuse spine; seeds about jin. lo edible. A. SOft. to 150ft 
Central Europe and Siberia, 1746. very slow-growing species 
with a close, erect, symmetrical habit, and remarkable in the 
fact that the seeds do not vegetate until the second spring. 
See Fig. 172. There are numerous varieties; that known as 
pumila is a dwarf, stunted bush, rarely exceeding 4ft, in height ; 
its leaves and cones are shorter than those of the type, 
P. chihuahuana (Chihuahua). J. in threes, very rarely in fours, 
finely toothed along the edges, 2in. to 3in. long, glaucous above, 
light green beneath. cones lin. to 1żin. long, smooth, egg-shaped, 
h. 30ft. to 50ft. Chihuahua Mountains, North Mexico, 
Fic. 174. CONE OF PINUS COULTERI (much reduced). 
contorta (twisted). l. bright green, small, from lin. to 2in. 
ayn cones 2 almost spherical, about 1jin. long, very = 
sistent. Branches numerous, sub-erect or spreading. h. 25ft. 
to 30ft. California, 1831. This species, in its young state, in 
this country, is a compact, pyramidal, densely-branched Lr 
with the branches much twisted or gnarled, and well furnis 
with -green foliage” (Veitch). See Fig. IA G. 0 Se By 
xix. 450 syns. P. Bolanderi, P. Boursieri (F. d. S., 1854, 934 b). 
P. c. Murrayana (Murray's). This form makes a much taller, 
and straizhter tree than the type, from 80ft, to 120ft. high, 
Aft. to 6fc. in diameter, with light green leaves, mostly about 
