THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Pultenza—continued. 
scattered, broadly obovate or obcordate, about jin. long, obtuse, 
truncate, or emarginate, pubescent when young, at length nearly 
glabrous. h. 2ft. 1803. (B. R. 403 and L. B. C. 60, under name 
of Euchilus obcordatus.) 
P. paleacea (scaly). fl. in dense, but not large, terminal 
heads, sessile — the last leaves; calyx silky-hairy, the 
standard nearly twice as long, the lower petals shorter May. 
l linear, with — — or paca —— —— — 
margins, żin. to jin. long e, and usually silky-hairy beneath. 
h. 14ft. 1789. (L. B. C. 291.) ` 
P. pedunculata (long-flower-stalked). fi. small, solitary or two 
together at the ends of the branchlets, on filiform pedicels longer 
than the leaves; standard twice as long as the calyx. May. 
l. linear or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, the margins 
recurved or revolute, rarely żin. Jong, rigid at first, with pungent 
oe ron at length wear off. lant prostrate. 1820. 
P, polifolia (Polium-leayed). f/i. numerous, in dense, terminal 
heads, sessile within the last leaves ; standard not twice as long 
as the calyx; lower petals shorter. May. l. linear, obtuse, żin. 
to l}in. long, with a fine, straight or recurved point, hoary 
beneath, and often hirsute with long hairs. A. 2ft. 1824. SYNS. 
P. mucronata (L. B. C. 1711), P. rosmarinifolia (B. R. 1584). 
P. polygalifolia (Polygala-leaved), A synonym of P. villosa. 
P. retusa (retuse). M. few, in small, terminal heads, sessile 
within the last leaves; standard not twice as long as the 
calyx. April. J. linear or linear-cuneate, very obtuse or more 
co apy ad emarginate, ary sin. lorg, pale beneath. A. lft. 
1789. (B. M. 2081; B. R. 378.) 
P. rosea (rose-ooloured) n A. pink, produced in roundish heads, 
sessile within the last leaves; petals not twice as long as the 
calyx. April. zł. linear-terete, obtuse or with short, callous 
points, channelled above by the involute margins. h. 2ft. 1877. 
(G. C. n. s., vii. p. 431.) i 
m romat mifols (Rosemary-leaved). A synonym of P. poli- 
ota. 
P. scabra (scabrous). /l. sessile in the upper axils, or three or 
four together at the ends of the branches; standard about twice 
as long as the calyx; keel deeply coloured. April. J, from 
obovate to narrow-cuneate, under }in. long, truncate, emarginate, 
or shortly bilobed, and often mucronate, the i revolute, 
scabrous above, tomentose or hairy beneath. A. Ift. 1803. 
P. s. biloba (two-lobed). J. narrow-cuneate, dilated, and two- 
lobed at the end, with a short, recurved point ; tomentum short. 
1817. (B. M. 2091 and L. B. C. 550, under name of P. biloba.) 
P. stipularis (stipuled). . numerous, in dense heads, sessile 
within the last leaves ; calyx ciliate or hirsute ; standard scarcely 
half as long again as the calyx. April. J. linear, acute, five- 
pointed, lin. to 1}in. long, darker beneath ; stipules narrow, often 
above }in. long. h. 2ft. 1792. (B. M. 476.) 
ten silky-pubescent beneath. A. lft. to 3f 
; L. B. ©. 974.) 
P. subumbellata (sub-umbellate). fl. golden-yellow, streaked 
with crimson behind, produced in fine, terminal, sub-umbellate 
heads, sessile within the last leaves. April. J. linear, obtuse, 
smooth on both sides. Branches cinereous, pilose. A. 1ft. 1831. 
(B. M. 3254; B. R. 1632. 
P. tenuifolia (slender-leaved). M. solitary or two together, sessile 
on the smaller branchlets, and often shorter tban the surrounding 
leaves. „April. ¿l narrow-linear or terete, obtuse or scarcely 
acute, gin. to 4in. long, concave or channelled above by the 
~ involute margins. A. 14ft. 1817. (B. M. 2086.) 
P, villosa (villous).* /l. solitary in each axil, but sometimes form- 
ing short, terminal, leafy racemes ; petals nearly twice as long as 
the calyx. April. J. linear-oblong, pilose beneath, as well as the 
branches and calyces, two or three lines long. A. lft. to 3ft. 
1790. (B. M. 967.) Syn. P. polygali’olia. 
PULVEREUS. Powdery. 
PULVERULENTUS. Appearing as if dusted with 
powdery matter. 
PULVINATE. Cushion-shaped. 
PULVINUS. A cushion. The term is applied to 
an enlargement or a swelling at the base of a leaf, or 
at the apex of a petiole. 
PUMILUS. Short; low; dwarf, 
PUMPKIN. See Cucurbita Pepo, 
PUNCTATE. Dotted, 
PUNCTICULATE. Minutely punctate. 
PUNGENT. Terminating gradually in a sharp, rigid 
point; e.g., the lobes of a Holly leaf. 
PUNICA (called by Pliny Malum Punicum, the Punic 
or Carthaginian Apple, probably with some allusion to 
puniceus, scarlet; referring to the colour of the flowers). 
Pomegranate. ORD. Lythrariee. A monotypic genus; 
the species is a very handsome, hardy, deciduous tree. 
The fruit of this genus is remarkable in being composed 
of two whorls of carpels, one placed above the other, 
the lower consisting of three or four, and the upper 
of from five to ten, carpels; the seeds have a pellucid, 
pulpy covering. For culture, see Pomegranate. 
P. Granatum.* Common Pomegranate. fi. red, from two to five 
together, almost sessile, rising near the tops of the branches. 
June to September. J. lanceolate or oblong, entire, dotless. 
Stem arboreous. k. 15ft. to 30ft. Orient and North-western 
India log gry’ throughout the tropics), 1548. (B. M, Pl. 
115; B. M. .) Of this well-known and handsome tree, there 
are several forms, including the following: 
Fic. 325. FLOWERING BRANCH OF PUNICA GRANATUM 
FLORE-PLENO. 
P. G. Bore pig (double-flowered). /l. white, having the calyx 
yellowish, double. Garden variety. See Fig. 325. 
P. G. nana (dwarf). jl. much smaller than those of the type. 
fr. about the size of a Nutmeg. l. narrower, linear. Stem 
shrubby. h. 5ft. to 6ft. 1723. (B. M. 634.) 
In addition to these, there are a number of garden forms, 
varying more or less in the colour of the flowers. 
PUNICEUS. Bright carmine-red. 
PUNNETS. See Measures. 
_ PUPA. The third stage in the development of an 
insect. Let us take, as an example, the Large White 
Cabbage Butterfly (see Fig. 326). -This butterfly is 
familiar to everyone in summer and autumn, flying in 
gardens, even in the heart of cities. The female lays 
eggs on the Cabbage leaves. From this first stage, after 
an interval, larve (the second stage) emerge, very worm- 
like in form, with a number of similar body-rings (see 
Fig. 327), and a distinct head, with strong jaws for 
cutting the food. Each of the three segments imme- 
diately behind the head bears a pair of true, though 
short, jointed legs, which correspond to the three pairs 
possessed by the greater number of perfect insects. The 
sixth to ninth segments, and the last one, each bear a 
pair of fleshy claspers, or “prolegs,” by means of which, 
usually, the larve cling to any support, while the true 
legs are used for holding their food, as well as for walk- 
ing. The claspers are not jointed, but belong to the 
* 
