. 
258 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Pyrola—continued. 
perennial, very glabrous, stolon - bearing, stemless or 
caulescent herbs (one species leafless), natives of Europe, 
(Britain), North and Central Asia, and North America, 
including Mexico. Flowers white, yellow, pink, or pale 
purple, on erect, bracteate, racemose scapes, nodding; 
calyx five-parted, persistent; petals five, concave, sessile, 
more or less incurved-connivent; stamens ten. Leaves 
radical or cauline, alternate, usually long-stalked, per- 
sistent, entire or serrated. Several species are very 
pretty, and well worth growing. They thrive in thin, 
mossy copses, on light, sandy, vegetable soil, or in moist 
and half-shady parts of the rockwork or fernery. Pro- 
pagated by division. 
P. elliptica (elliptic). /l. white, campanulate, with a grateful 
smell efor ti elongated, few-flowered, rather secund. June 
and July. l te-oblong, cori: , acute at base, twice 
as long as the narrow petioles, the margins remotely toothed or 
quite entire. h.6in. North America, 1818. (H. F. B. A. 134.) 
P. maculata (spotted). A synonym of Chimaphil lat 
P, media (intermediate). Pie white, tinged with red, }in. in 
diameter; racemes many-flowered ; pedicels scattered. July 
and August. J. orbicular-ovate, crenate, sometimes 13in. in 
diameter. h. 4in. Europe (Britain), (Sy. En. B. 897.) 
P. minor (smaller). M. white, tinged with red, Broopiny, 
in. in diameter; raceme short ; scape Bin. to 12in. long, slender. 
une to August. l. orbicular-ovate, obscurely crenate, usually 
arranged in a rosette, but sometimes alternate, coriaceous, lin. to 
ljin. long, contracted into the longer petiole. Europe (Britain), 
orth America. (F. D. 55; Sy. En. B. 898.) 
P. rotundifolia (round-leaved).* fl. pure white, fragrant, from 
ten to twenty in a drooping raceme on an erect stem 6in. to 12in. 
high. Summer. J. roundish, quite entire or crenulated, shorter 
than the dilated petioles. h.6in. Europe (Britain). (F, D. 1816; 
Sy. En. B. 895.) The variety arenaria (Sy. En. B. 896), found 
on sandy sea-shores, differs from the type in having smaller 
leaves, and pedicels as long as the ovate sepals, and, generally, 
several scale-like bracts below the inflorescence. Both the type 
and its variety are exceedingly pretty plants for rockwork, and 
prefer a sandy soil. 
P, secunda (side-flowering).* fl. greenish-white, horizontal, 4in. 
in diameter ; racemes secund, lin. to 2in. long ; scape slender, 2in. 
to Sin. long. July. l. ovate, acute, serrate, lin. to l4in. long, 
rosulate or alternate, rather thin, reticulate; petioles shorter. 
Stem st: ling ; branches lin. to 4in. long, — Euro 
oa est Asia, North America, (F. D. 402; Sy. En. 
P. umbellata (umbelled). A synonym of Chimaphila corymbosa. 
P. uniflora (one-flowered). A synonym of Moneses uniflora. 
PYROLIRION. Included under Zephyranthes 
(which see). 
PYROSTEGIA IGNEA. A synonym of Bignonia 
venusta. 
globose, 
Included Tradescantia 
under 
(which see). 
PYRULARIA (a diminutive from Pyrus, the Pear; 
in allusion to the form of the fruit, which, in the 
original species, is like a small Pear). Syns. Hamiltonia, 
Spherocarya. ORD. Santalaceæ. A genus comprising 
only a couple of species of deciduous trees or shrubs, 
one North American, the other Himalayan. Flowers 
cymulose at the tips of the branches, or in the upper 
axils; cymelets forming a terminal, compound raceme, 
or a raceme-like panicle; fertile flowers usually few at 
the tips of the branches, often twin or solitary. Drupe 
ovoid or sub-globose, rather large. Leaves alternate, 
shortly pedicellate, membranous. The only species in 
cultivation is a half-hardy shrub; it thrives in sandy 
loam, and may be increased by cuttings. 
P. oleifera (oil-bearing). Buffalo, Elk, or Oil Nut. J. greenish ; 
spike small, few-flowered, terminal. May. fr. lin. long. l. ob- 
ovate-oblong, acute, or — at both ends, soft, very veiny 
minutely pellucid-dotted. A. 3ft. to 12ft. North America, 1800. 
Plant minutely downy when young, at length glabrous, imbued 
with an acrid oil, especially the fruit. Syn. P. pubera. 
P. pubera (downy). A synonym of P. oleifera. 
PYRUS (the old Latin name used by Pliny for the 
Pear-tree). Apple, Pear, Service, &c. Including Malus 
and Sorbus. Cydonia and Mespilus are also included, by 
Bentham and Hooker, under this genus; but, for horti- 
Pyrus—continued. 
cultural purposes, they are kept distinct in this work, 
Some of the plants met with in gardens under the 
generic name of Aronia belong here. ORD. Rosacee, 
A genus comprising from thirty-five to forty species of 
hardy trees or shrubs, inhabiting the temperate regions 
of the Northern hemisphere, and the mountains of the 
East Indies. Flowers in terminal cymes, rarely corym- 
bose, or reduced to one or two flowers; bracts subulate, 
deciduous; calyx tube urceolate or rarely turbinate; 
petals five, sub-orbiculate, shortly unguiculate. Fruit 
fleshy, ovoid, globose, or pyriform. Leaves alternate, 
deciduous, petiolate, simple or pinnate, often serrate; 
stipules deciduous. The species are readily raised from 
seeds, in the way mentioned under Apple and Pear; 
the garden varieties and weaker-growing, ornamental 
species are most readily propagated by grafting or bud- 
ding on the Apple or Pear stocks. Except where other- 
wise stated, the flowers in the under-mentioned species 
| are white. 
_ P. acerba (sour). A synonym of P. Malus acerba. 
P. americana (American). American Mountain Ash. fl. in large, 
flat cymes. June. fr. bright red, globose, not larger than peas, 
disposed in clusters. Z. odd-pinnate ; Iéaflets thirteen to fifteen, 
lanceolate, taper-pointed, sharply serrate, with pointed teeth, 
rather shining above, and scarcely pale beneath. Northern 
United States, &c., 1782. Tree or tall shrub. (W. D. B. i. 54.) 
Syn. Sorbus americana. 
P. a. mi (small-fruited). This variety is only dis- 
crocarpa 
tinguished from the type by its smaller fruits. 
P. an olia (narrow-leaved). fl. rose-colour, with distinct 
styles. April. /. simple, oblong or lanceolate, often acute at 
the base, mostly toothed, glabrous. A. 20ft. North America, 
1750. Tree. “ TE a variety of P. coronaria” (Asa Gray). 
(B. R: 1207; W. D. B. 132) 
P. arbutifolia (Arbutus-leaved).* Choke-berry. fi. white or 
tinged with purple; cymes woolly. May and June. fr. red or 
purple, pear-shaped, or, when ripe, globular. Z. simple, oblong or 
obovate, finely serrate woolly beneath. h. 2ft. to 10ft. North 
America, 1700. Shrub. (B. M. 3668.) Syn. P. floribunda 
(B. R. 1006). 
P. a. melanocarpa (black-fruited). This only differs from the 
type in its somewhat larger leaves and dark purple fruit, 
SYN. P. grandifolia (B. R. 154). 
P. Aria.* Aria; White Beam-tree. fl. in. in diameter, in loose 
corymbs. May and June. fr. dotted with red, żin. in diameter, 
sub-globose. /. simple or pinnatifid, rarely pinnate at base, 2in. 
to 6in. long, very variable, brous above, peren, coarsely and 
Fey ed serrate, deeply lobed, white and flocculent beneath. 
h. 4ft. to 40ft. Europe (Britain), &. Bush or small tree. 
(Sy. En. B. 482.) The following are defined by Mr. Boswell 
as sub-species ; 
P. A. latifolia (broad-leaved). Z. from ovate-oblong to sub- 
orbicular, more or less lobed, grey-tomentose beneath ; lobes _ 
deltoid, serrate-acuminate, the nerves five to nine on each side, _ 
less prominent beneath. This approaches P. torminalis. 
P. A. rupicola (rock-loving), fr. inclining to carmine, ĝin. in - 
meter. l. obovate-oblong, lobed above, snow-white beneath ; 
nerves five to eight on each side. — 
P. A. scandica (Scandinavian). Z. less coriaceous than in 
the type, oblong, deeply lobed or pinnatifid, glabrous above, 
clothed with a loose grey tomentum beneath: lobes oblong or 
rounded. Arctic Europe. 
—* Aucuparia (fowler’s).* Mountain Ash; Rowan-tree. fl 
cream-white, in. in diameter; pedicels and calyces villous ; 
. eter, compound, corymbose, dense- 
ne. fr. scarlet, with yellow flesh, globose, 
i ‘i er. l. 5in. to 8in. long, pinnate ; leaflets six 18. 
eight pairs, lin. to jin. long, linear-oblong, sub-acute, ser- — 
rate, pale beneath, and hairy along the midrib and nerves, 
glabrous beneath when old, or nearly so. h. 10ft. to c0ft. 
Europe (Britain), Siberia, &. Tree. (Sy. En. B. 486.) Of this 
Species there are many varieties, the principal of which are: 
fastigiata, a form of ‘strict, erect, habit; fructu - luteo, with 
yellow fruit; pendula, with weeping branches; and variegata, 
with variegated leaves. 
P. baccata (berried).* 
lowered. May and June. 
şin. in diameter. 
) A. calyx lobes deciduous; peduncles 
crowded. April and May. ‘fr, yellow, tinged with red, roundish, 
about the size of a cherry. 4 ovate, acute, equally serrated, 
glabrous, the length of the petioles. k. 15ft. to 20ft. Siberia and 
Dahuria, 1784. Tree. The pulp of the fruit is used, in Siberia, 
for making quasar punch. (B. M. 6112.) 
P. betulæfolia (Birch-leaved). J. disposed in sessile umbels, 
appearing before the leaves; anthers Aon red. fr. brownish, 
dotted with white, small, sub-globose. Z whitish, on long 
petioles, elliptic, acute at both ends, serrate, 2in. long, lin. br 
China, 1879. Shrub. See Fig. 334. (R. H. 1879, 318.) 
