262 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
H 
Pyrus—continued. : 
P. ussuriensis (Ussuri). i. white; filaments as long as calyx ; 
styles three, free, glabrous. May. Jl. broadly oval, pointed, 
sharply toothed, fading to a fine brownish-red in autumn. Stalk 
of roundish fruit about the same length as its diameter. R. 20ft. 
to 30ft. Amurland, &c,, 1861. Tree. 
PYTHION. A synonym of Amorphophallus. 
PYTHIUM (from the Greek word pytho, I cause to 
putrefy; plants inhabited by these Fungi soon decay). 
A genus of Fungi, in which are included a number 
of species, all of which are parasites in the in- 
terior of plants. Some of them are hurtful to certain 
cultivated plants. There is considerable doubt as to the 
actual number of distinct species of Pythiwm, as several 
are probably the same Fungus under different names ; 
e.g., the following have been described as found in 
Potato plants: P. Equwiseti (Sadeb.), P. incertum (Renny), 
P. vexans (De By.), and P. proliferum (De By.). In 
regard to the first three of these, Mr. W. G. Smith 
expresses his inability to distinguish them from one 
another. ‘ 
with distinct mycelium, producing sporangia at the tips 
of the branches, in which zoospores are produced, in the 
form of fragments of protoplasm, each provided with two 
cilia; or, rather, the zoospores are formed after the con- 
tents of the sporangia flow out into the surrounding 
water. On the mycelium, sexual reproduction is effected 
by the formation of a globular cell (the oosphere) on 
the end of a short branch (oogonium). Near this another 
small branch forms, and, growing to and piercing the 
oogonium, fertilises the oosphere, and produces thereby 
a single resting spore or oospore within it. The very 
nearly allied genus, Saprolegnia, differs from Pythium 
in the zoospores being formed inside the sporangia, and 
in more than ^ne oospore being formed in each oogoninm. 
The food or host-plants inhabited by species of 
Pythium belong to widely-separated groups, including 
Algæ, prothalli, and leafy plants of Equiseta, or Horse- 
tails, prothalli of Ferns, and Potatoes. P. de Baryanum, a 
widely-distributed parasite, lives in germinating plants of 
Clover, Spurrey, Camelina, Maize, &c. This last species 
renders the lowest part of the young stems soft and 
tender, and soon causes decay. Its mycelium traverses 
all the parts that appear withered. In damp air, branches 
grow out, and form on the tip rounded cells, in some 
of which are produced zoospores, in others oospores, and 
on other branches conidia are formed. In whatever way 
formed, the spores give origin to a mycelium, which 
bores into suitable food-plants and reproduces the 
Fungus. 
Remedies are hardly to be found, owing to the species 
of Pythium being internal parasites. Diseased plants 
should be removed and destroyed, to prevent the spread 
of these or of any other causes of disease. 
ANTHERA (from pyzxis, pyxidos, a box, and 
anthera, an anther; the anther opening as if by a lid). 
ORD. Diapensiacew. A monotypic genus, closely allied to 
Diapensia. The species is a minute, prostrate, creeping 
herb or sub-shrub. It is a remarkably pretty little plant 
for the rock garden, and thrives best in very sandy soil, 
and in sunny situations. 
P. barbulata (small-bearded).* Pine-barren Beauty. jl. white or 
rose, solitary, sessile, very numerous ; corolla five-lobed, shortly 
campanulate, the lobes patent and obovate, Early summer, 
l. imbricate, narrow, oblanceolate, entire, bearded at the base, 
mostly alternate on the sterile branches. h. 2in. New Jersey, 
1851, (B. M. 4592.) Syn. Diapensia barbulata. 
PYXIDATE. Furnished with a lid. 
QUADRI. A term, used in Latin compounds, signi. 
fying four; e.g., Quadrifoliolate, when a petiole bears 
four leaflets from the same point; Quadrijugate, in four 
pairs. 
The genus belongs to a group of Fungi) 
QUADRIA. A synonym of Guevina (which see). 
QUAKING GRASS. See Briza. 
QUALEA (the native name in Guiana). ORD. 
Vochysiacew. A genus comprising about twenty-five 
species of curious, stove, resinous trees, natives of 
Brazil and Guiana. Flowers yellow, pink, or blue, rather 
large, disposed in lateral and terminal racemes or 
panicles; sepals five, free; petal one, unguiculate, 
obovate or obcordate. Leaves opposite or verticillate, 
coriaceous, petiolate, costate; petioles biglandulose at 
base. The only species in cultivation—Q. rosea— 
thrives in a compost of peat and leaf mould. Propaga- 
tion may be effected by seeds, sown on a hotbed; or 
by cuttings of half-ripened shoots, inserted in sandy 
soil, under a bell glass, in bottom heat. 
Q. rosea (rose-coloured). f., petal, as well as the large segment 
of the calyx, white on the outside, rose-coloured on the inside, 
entire; spur shorter than the calyx. J. elliptic, acuminate, 
glabrous on both surfaces. A. 30ft. Guiana. (A. G. 1.) SYN. 
Q. violacea. 
Q. violacea (violaceous). A synonym of Q. rosea. 
QU. , r CAMASH. A common name for 
Camassia esculenta. 
QUAMOCLIT. Included under Ipomeea (which see). 
QUAQUA (name given to the plant by the Hotten- 
tots, who eat the stems raw). ORD. Asclepiadew. A 
monotypic genus. The species is an erect dwarf, 
branched, and rather bushy, greenhouse succulent, allied 
to Boucerosia, requiring culture, similar to Stapelia 
(which see). y $ 
Q. hottentotorum (Hottentot). fl. 
more, along the grooves between the angles of the branches, on | 
very short pedicels; calyx pale green or purplish ; corolla 
greenish-yellow, 4in. in diameter, with tive spreading lobes; 
corona pale yellow, very minute, Older stems lin, thick, younger 
ones żin. to ĝin, thick ; angles four, rounded, armed with stout, 
horizontal or slightly decurved, decussate, brown-pointed teeth. 
h. 4in. to6in. Plant greyish-green or purplish, glabrous. Nama- 
qualand, 1878, (G: C. n. m xii. 1.) 
QUARTINIA. A synonym of Pterolobium (which 
see). 
QUASSIA (a name applied by Linnzus to a tree of 
Surinam, in honour of a negro, Quassi or Coissi, who 
employed its bark as a remedy for fever). ORD. Sima- 
rubeew. A monotypic genus, the species being a lofty, 
stove tree, more curious than beautiful, and in appear- 
ance similar to the common Ash. It thrives in a com- 
post of rich, sandy loam and leaf mould. Propagated 
by cuttings, made of ripe shoots, and inserted in sand, 
under a bell glass, in heat. 
Q. amara (bitter). fl. scarlet, large, tubulose, arranged in ter- 
minal clusters. l. alternate, impari-pinnate; petioles win ai: 
leaflets opposite, entire, h. 20ft. Tropical America, 1790. ‘The 
wood of this tree is destitute of smell, But has an intensely bitter 
taste, on which account it was used as a tonic; the root and the 
bark have also been considered valuable remedies in dysentery. 
(B. M. 497.) i : 5 
; QUATERNARY, QUATERNATE. É Disposed in 
ours, Se — 
QUEBEC OAK. Sce Quercus alba. 
QUEEN 
"or aa Phædr ; * * 
QUEEN OF asset. See Spiræa — 
QUEKETTIA (named in honour of the late E. J- 
Quekett, F.L.S.; an excellent botanical observer,» and 
one of our best vegetable anatomists). ORD. Orchidee. 
A monotypic genus. The species is a singular little 
epiphyte, of more botanical than horticultural interest. 
It requires culture similar to Pleurothallis (which see). 
Q. microscopica (microscopic), i. yellow, nearly sessile, cylin- 
drical, ;in, long, disposed in a pan Ms about Zin. long. l. terete, 
subulate, about 3in. long, mottle 
and purple. Brazil. 3 
QUELTIA. Included under Narcissus. 
QUERCITRON. See Quercus tinctoria. 
with light green, deep green, 
+ i a yë 
in fascicles of six to ten or . - 
+ 
* 
