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A 
AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA OF HORTICULTURE. 
263 
Q. 
Q. alba (white). American White Oak ; Quebec Oak. 
Q. 
QUERCUS (the Latin name). Oak. ORD. Cupulifere. 
A well-known genus, comprising nearly 300 species, of 
mostly hardy trees, rarely shrubs. 
in unisexual, amentaceous or erect, very rarely andro- 
gynous, sessile or sub-sessile spikes; males in catkins, 
with usually six, sometimes ten to twelve stamens; 
females solitary, inclosed in imbricating bracts or scales, 
with a more or less perfect three-celled ovary, very rarely 
four or five-celled. 
included within, a cup; seed, by abortion, usually soli- 
tary. Leaves alternate, annual or perennial, entire, 
toothed, or lobed, membranous or coriaceous, penni- 
veined. As acorns do not long retain their germinative 
powers, it is best to sow them soon after they are ripe. 
It is of little use trying to import from, or export to, 
distant countries seeds of any of the species unless these 
are packed tightly in damp clay or earth. The curious 
variegated and other forms of the common Oak, &c., 
must be propagated by grafting. 
selection from the introduced species and their varieties 
is given below. 
otherwise stated. 
spring, and the nuts shed in the autumn. 
Q., acuta (acute-leaved). fl, catkins flexile, shorter than the 
Flowers moneecious, 
Nut (glans or acorn) fixed to, or 
See also Oak. A 
They are hardy trees, except where 
The flowers are usually — in 
leaves, ea nk toe solitary or fasciculate ; female spikes short, 
Jfr., cup hemispherical, with concentric rings ; nut ovoid or ellip- 
soid, apiculate, thrice exceeding the cup. J. acute or obtuse at 
tic or oblong, abruptly acuminate, entire or undulate- 
s the apex, 2in. to 44in. long, 3in. to 2in. broad ; 
% young ones fulvous-tomentose, older ones glabrous; petioles 
about lin. long; stipules Zin. long, narrow-linear, pilose at back. 
Japan. Tree or shrub, Of this evergreen species there are two 
varieties in gardens: albo-nervis, with white-veined, and reseo- 
nervis, with red-veined, leaves. (W. & F. 85.) SYN. Q. Buergeri. 
Ægilops. Aigilops, Vallonea, or Velani Oak. M. greenish- 
white. fr., cup very large, hemispherical, with lanceolate, elon- 
Fated. spreading scales; nut brown, very ornamental. J, ovate- 
oblong, -with bristle-pointed, tooth-like lobes, hoary beneath, 
h. 20ft. to 50ft. Grecian Archipelago, 1731. Evergreen or nearly 
so. The cups and acorns are exported from the Levant in 
large quantities, being in great demand for tanning purposes. 
(K. E. E. 7.) Syn. Q. Ungeri (K. E. E. 13), Oft — 
there are two varieties: latifolia, with rather broader leaves, 
and pendula, with drooping branches. 
(scabby-leaved). Enceno Oak. tkins longer 
Q. agrifolia fl, ca 
than the leaves. fr., cup turbinate, żin. broad, with adpressed 
scales, more or less ciliated on their margins ; nut Zin. to Lin. 
long, ovoid-oblong, exserted, acute. l broadly ovate or oval, sub- 
cordate, remotely spine-toothed, iin. to 2in. long, seven to 
eighteen lines broad, chartaceous; adult ones glabrous ; petioles 
din. long. Young branches pubescent. h. 20ft. California, 1849. 
Evergreen. (J. H. S. vi. 157.) 
A. catkins 
slender. fr., cup hemispherical-saucer-shaped, rough or tubercled 
at maturity, naked, much shorter than the nut, which is about 
lin. long, ovoid or oblong, with an edible kernel. l., mature ones 
šin. to bin, long, lin, to 3in. broad, obovate-oblong, obliquely cut 
from three to nine oblong or linear, obtuse, mostly entire 
lobes, smooth, pale or glaucous beneath, bright green above. 
h. North America, 1724. A large and valuable, deciduons 
tree. (B.M. Pl. 250; E. T. S. M. i. 145.) In the variety repanda, 
the leaves are irregularly sinuated or sinuately lobed. 
uatica (aquatic). Water Oak. fr. small; cup saucer-shaped 
or hemispherical ; nut dark brown, globular-ovoid. l. obovate- 
spathulate or narrowly wedge-shaped, with a long inp tigen, Bee 
and an often obscurely three-lobed s it, va to oblanceo- 
late, thick, lin. to 4in. long, 4in. to 2in. ; those on seedlings 
and leong Arp often incised or sinuate-pinnatifid, then mostly 
bris ; 
istle-po: petioles rarely Jin. long. A, 60ft. to 80ft. North 
merica (near pone, 13. Decidwdyg. The wood of this 
species is similar tô that of all other American Oaks. 
sempervirens (evergreen Austrian), A synonym 
Q. 
of Q. glandulifera. ; 
Q. Ballota (Ballota). Barbary Oak; Sweet Acorn Oak. fra 
scales of the cup usually convex at back; kernel of a mild an 
agreeable flavour, l. often rounded at base, dentate or entire, 
very hoary beneath. South-west Europe, &c. 
Q. bambuseefolia (Bambusa-leaved). A synonym of Q. salicina. 
Q. Banisteri (Banister’s). A synonym of Q. ilicifolia. — 
Q. bicolor (two-coloured). Swamp White Oak. jl., catkins pilose. 
Jr. borne on peduncles much longer than the petioles; cup hemi- 
spherical, about jin. long, hoary, the upper scales awn-shaped, 
sometimes forming a mossy-fringed margin; nut scarcely lin. long, 
ellipsoid. 1. obovate or oblong-obovate, wedge at base, 
. Coarsely sinuate-crenate and often rather pinnatifid tha toothed, 
and white-hoary beneath, 
soft-down main veins 
six to eight pairs, lax and a little prominent. R Cort. North 
* 
austriaca ( l 
optons slightly but copiously sinuated, downy 
Q. C. subperennis 
ovate, loosely erect. 
erea (ashy-grey). 
— lin. to Um long. 
; coccifera ( 
bag ho 
Quercus—continued. 
America, 1800. Deciduous, (E. T. S. M. 153.) Syn. Q. Prinus 
tomentosa. 
Q. Buergeri (Buerger’s). A synonym of Q, acuta, 
Q. Catesbeei (Catesby’s). Scrub Oak. fr. hemis) herical-turbinate 
half as long as the ——— ellipsoid nut, with ki ressed, slightly 
silky scales, J. 4in. to Tin. long, in. tobin, broad, shortly petiolate, 
cuneate at e, oblong, deeply cut into three to five unequal, 
often falcate or spreading, ovate, acuminate lobes, which are 
subulate-mucronate at the apex, and also sometimes on the 
margins, the central one trilobed ; young ones pubescent, adult 
ones glabrous, h. 15ft. to 30ft. North America, 1823, Deciduous. 
N 
: g ; 
Fic, 342. BRANCH OF QUERCUS CERRIS, WITH MALE CATKINS, 
Oak. 
or acute, often 
ides, rarely 
stellate above, on very short petioles; stipules narrow-linear, 
Young branches pubescent. h. t. to 
&c., 1735. See Figs. 342 and 343. (W. D. B. ii. 92.) 
Austrian). Z. on rather long mgr —* 
lobes short, ovate, acute, entire ; stipules shorter than 
npag ie tg h. 40ft. South-east Europe, 1824. (K. E. E. 2, 
under name of Q. austriaca.) 
Q. C. crispa (curled). t somewhat curled at the edges. Bark 
corky. h. over 
Q. C. dentata (toothed). A garden synonym of Q. C. subperennis. 
Q. C. fulhamensis (Fulham). A garden synonym of Q, C. 
Q. C. Lucumbeana (!ucombe). A garden synonym of Q. ©. 
rennis. 
ula (pendulous). l. narrow, deeply lobed ; lobes ob- 
~— or sub-acute, Branches long, pendent or prostrate. 
almost ev n). Jr., scales of the cup 
’ k IA AN incised, mes 
almost evergreen, This variety is also known in gardens 
as Q. C. dentata (W. D. B. 93), Q. C. fulhamensis (G. C. 
n. s. viii. 139), and Q. ©. Luecumbeana. 
Q. C. variegata (variegated). In this variety, the leaves are 
pra : Blue Jack; Upland Willow Oak. 
. Jr. solitary, — or very — 
hemispherical-turbinate, w dp 1, silky 
ay gosh i often half as long again as the cup. 
or obtuse at base, oblong or obovate-oblong, often obtuse, mucro- 
nate, entire, sparsely stellate-hairy above, and thickly so below, 
lsin. to 3in. Jong, six to ten lines broad, on very short petiole: 
North America, 1789. A small, twisted, sub-evergreen tree, 
rarely exceeding 30ft. in height, the bark yielding a yellow dye. 
Syn. Q. Phellos cinerea. 
—— three to seven, on a 
pedi , Some- 
cles ; “females 
