264 THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
Quercus—continued. 
velvety, sub-equal scales; nut more or less exserted, rarely in- 
cluded. J, elliptic or oblong, cordate at base, or obtuse or rarely 
acute, sparsely spiny-toothed or mucronate-serrate, or rarely 
entire, rigid, on short petioles, Branchlets stellately pubescent. 
h. 1sft. South Europe, &c., 1683. Evergreen. The bark of this 
species is used by tanners, and it sustains an insect like the 
cochineal, which is used as a crimson dye. (K. E. E. 29; 
S. F. G. 944.) 
; i eRe A 
Fig. 343. BRANCHLET OF QUERCUS CERRIS, WITH ACORN. 
Q. coccinea (scarlet).* fl., catkins pilose. fr. top-shaped or hemi- 
spherical, with a conical, scaly base, seven to nine lines broad, 
coarsely scaly ; nut 4in. to Zin. long, half or more covered by the 
cup. l, in the ordinary forms (at least, on full-grown trees), 
bright n, shining above, turning red in autumn, deeply 
pinnatifid, 3in. to 8in. long, 2in. to Sin. broad ; lobes divergent 
and sparingly cut-toothed ; petioles lin. to 2in. long. h. 0ft, 
North America, 1691. Deciduous. (E. T. S. M. 163.) 
Q. conferta (clustered).* Hungarian Oak. J. very shortly stalked 
or almost sessile, 5in. to 7in. or more long, 3in. to 4in. broad, 
pubescent beneath with stellate hairs, oblong-obovate, taperin 
gradually to the base, pinnately lobed; lobes oblong, acute, no 
spine-pointed, entire or slightly lobulate ; petioles pilose ; stipules 
— than the petioles. South-eastern Europe. (G. ©. n. s., 
v. 85.) SYN. Q. pannonica. 
Q. cupressoides (Cypress-like), A synonym of Q. pedunculata 
fastigiata. 
Q. cuspidata (cuspidate). A. catkins slender, simple or 
branched, almost equalling the leaves, slightly erect. i in an 
alternate, ovoid, acute, fulvous-velvety spike, the scales sub- 
verticillate, connate except at the apex, including the nut. 
l. acute or obtuse at base, ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, 
entire or undulate-serrate, coriaceous, lin. to 54in. long, seven to 
fifteen lines broad, on short petioles ; young ones pilose, adults 
abrous, h. 30ft. Japan. Evergreen. (G. C. n. s. xii. 233; 
Seo A AT — and latifolia are respectively narrow- 
leaved and broad-leaved forms. variegata is a form with prettily- 
variegated foliage. . 
Q. densiflora (dense-flowered).. fl., catkins dense-flowered, 
equalling or slightly longer than the leaves. fr. one to three on a 
shorter time the petioles; cup šin. long, nearly jin. 
road, the outer scales silky, the inner ones adpressed, fin. long ; 
nut half-exserted, ovoid, pubescent. l. obtuse or rarely acute at 
base, ——— or obovate-oblong, obtuse or sub-acute at 
apex; S C: ous, revolute, undulated, entire or nearly 
tomentose on both si 
- 
so; young ones rnia. 
1865. Semi-evergreen tree or shrub, ? 
Quercus—continued. 
Q, Esculus (Esculus). Italian Oak. jr. nearly sessile, solitary 
or in pairs ; cup scaly, hemispherical ; nut the size of a small pea. 
l. scattered, aggregated at the top, ovate-oblong, sinuated, 
smooth, paler beneath, 2in. to 3in. long, not more than “4in. 
broad; segments bluntish, somewhat angular at the base. 
h. 20ft. to 50ft. South Europe, 1739. : 
Q. falcata (sickle-shaped). American ‘‘Spanish” Oak. fl, cat- 
kins slender, pilose, 2in. to Sin, long. fr. solitary or twin, on a 
very short peduncle; cup saucer-shaped, with a somewhat tur- 
binate base, about half the length of the globose, brown nut, 
which is four to five lines long. l. obtuse or rounded at the base, 
bea variable, three to five-lobed above, greyish-downy or fulvous 
underneath, Sin. to 5in. long, 2in. to 3in. broad; lobes prolonged, 
mostly narrow and more or less scythe-shaped, especially the ter- 
minal one, entire or sparingly cut-toothed. North America, 1763. 
A large, deciduous tree, often 80ft. high ; bark rich in tannin. 
Q. ferruginea (rusty). A synonym of Q. nigra. 
Q. fruticosa (shrubby). A synonym of Q, humilis. 
Q. glabra (glabrous). Japanese Oak. fl., male spikes lin. to 2in, 
long, Geach ualr solitary, the rachis slightly adpressed-pilose. 
Jr. solitary or fascicled and connate at the sides of a peduncle ; 
cup hemispherical, seven to eight lines broad, with cinereous- 
velvety, ——— scales, thrice exceeded by the oblong nut, 
l. obovate-oblong, long-narrowed to the base, obtuse at apex, 
acuminate, entire, glabrous, 2in. to 4in. long, lin. to 14in. broad, 
on petioles nearly żin. long. Branches glabrous. Japan, 1879. 
Evergreen. (G. C. n. s. xiv. 785; S. Z. F. J. i. 89.) ` 
Q. glandulifera (gland-bearing).* Jl., catkins filiform, loose, 
pendulous ; teenie spikes hoary-pubescent, longer or shorter 
than the petioles, few-flowered. fr. solitary or few toa peduncle ; 
cup hemispherical, five to eight lines broad, with adpressed, 
uberulous, lanceolate scales; nut ovoid or ellipsoid, twice or 
Enrice exceeding the cup. J. obtuse or rarely acute at base, 
elliptic, obovate, or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, rarely obtuse, 
glandular-serrate, 2in. to 5in. long, fin. to 2in. broad ; young 
ones adpressedly silky; adults glabrous above ; petioles varying 
from one to six lines long. Japan, 1870. Evergreen. The 
plant grown in gardens under this name and figured G. C. n. S., 
xiv. 714, is probably a hybrid from Q. Cerris subperennis, SYNS. 
Q. austriaca sempervirens, Q. sclerophylla (of gardens). 
Q. glauca (glaucous). fl., catkins loose-flowered, diffuse, solitary 
or fasciculate, nearly 2in. long, the rachis tomentose. fr. solitary 
or twin, on a very short peduncle ; cup he herical, four to five 
lines long, with five to seven concentric, silky lamelle ; nut ovoid- 
acute, about eight lines long. Z. acute or slightly obtuse at base, 
ovate-lanceolate or oblong, acuminate, serrate or undulate-serrate, 
24in. to Sin. long, Zin. to Zin. broad ; young ones much narrowed 
at base, sparsely pilose above, adpressedly silky beneath. Young — 
branches sparsely pilose. h. 30ft. Japan, 1822. Deciduous. Of — 
this species, several varieties are to be found in gardens. 
Q. gramuntia (Gramont). A synonym of Q. Ilex. 
Q. humilis (dwarf). fr. sessile or short] dunculate ; cup 
shortened, broadly cyathiform, with Aiesa i yish-pubescent 
scales ; nut more or less exceeding the cup. l. sometimes per- 
sistent, shortly petiolate, ovate, elliptic, or obovate, with irre; ’ 
acute or obtuse teeth, lin. to liin. long, in. to lin. broad, on 
very short petioles, sparsely puberulous above, hoary beneath. 
h. lft. to 12ft. South-west Europe, 1874. Shrub or under-shrub. 
(G. C. n. s., i. 113.) SYN. Q. fruticosa. ; 
calyx. 1, elliptic, oblong, ovate or lanceolate, acute, toothed or 
entire, coriaceous, glabrous above 
branches, velvety stellate-h . South Europe, 1581. 
very long and nar ; serratifolia, leaves lanceolate, serrated ; 
Fordii (SYN. fast a), habit pyramidal, Wot spreading as in the 
type (R. H. 1861, . å ; 
Q. I. fastigiata (pyramidal). A synonym of Q. I. Fordii. 
ding. Young branches slightly velvety-hoary. 
orth America, 1800. ‘A atraggling, d idueus sisa 
171.) Syn. Q. Banisteri. 
