AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 265 
Quercus—continued. 
l. entire, 3in. to Sin. long, lanceolate-oblong, acute or obtuse at 
each end, mucronate, pale and downy beneath, borne on short 
petioles. h. 40ft. to 50ft. North America. Deciduous. 
Q. incana (hoary). fl., catkins slender, often lin. long. fr. solitary, 
twin, or in threes ; cup, when young, covered with ovate, adpressed, 
pubescent scales ; nut ovoid-oblong, half as long again as the cup, 
l. ovate-lanceolate or oblong, obtuse at base, acuminate at apex, 
remotely serrated except at base, stellate-puberulous above, 
minutely stellate-tomentose beneath. Young branches velvety- 
hoary. h. 40ft. Nepaul, 1818. Evergreen. SYN. Q. lanata. 
Q. inversa (inverted-fruited). A synonym of Q. thalassica. 
Q. lanata (woolly). A synonym of Q. incana. 
Q. libani (Lebanon). fr. solitary, sub-sessile; cup campanulate, 
Zin. to lin. long, with thick, greyish-velvety, adpressed scales ; 
nut broadly ellipsoid, depressed at apex, slightly or twice exceed- 
ing the cup. l. ovate-lanceolate, acute, obtuse or acute at base, 
liin. to Sin. long, eight to fifteen lines broad, deeply crenate- 
serrate, glabrous above, the young ones. minutely stellate- 
pereo beneath. h. 30ft. Syria, 1870. (R. H. 1872, 155, and 
877, 172.) The form pendula has pendulous branches, 
Q. lyrata (lyrate). Over-cup Oak; Water White Oak. fr. sessile, 
` lin. long; cup round-ovate, with rugged scales, almost covering 
the roundish nut. Z. 5in. to 8in. long, shortly stalked, crowded 
at the ends of the branchlets, obovate-oblong, acute at the base, 
seven to nine-lobed, white-tomentose beneath, or at length 
smoothish, shining above; lobes triangular, acute, and entire, 
h. 50ft. North America, 1786. Deciduous. 
Q. macrocarpa (large-fruited), Burr Oak; Mossy-cup White 
Oak. fr., cup very variable, especially in size, deep, thick, and 
woody, conspicuously imbricated with hard and thick, pointed 
scales, the upper ones awned, so as to make a mossy-fringed 
border; nut broadly ovoid, lin. to 1}in. long, half immersed in, 
or entirely inclosed by, the cup. J. obovate or oblong, lyrately 
pinnatifid or deeply sinuate-lobed, or nearly parted, i . 
downy or pale beneath, 4in. to 15in. long, 2in. to 4in. broad ; 
lobes sparingly and obtusely toothed, or the smaller ones entire, 
h. 30ft. North America. A handsome, deciduous tree. (E. T. S. M. 
149.) Q. olive formis is regarded, by Professor Asa Gray, as a mere 
form of this species, with oblong cups and nuts, and narrower 
and more deeply lobed leaves. 
Q. montana (mountain). A synonym of Q. Prinus. 
Q. nigra (black).* Barren or Black Jack Oak. jr. sub-sessile, 
solitary or twin ; cup top-shaped, coarse-scaly ; nut short, ovoid. 
l. broadly cuneate, but sometimes rounded or obscurely cordate 
at the base, widely dilated and somewhat trilobed (rarely five- 
lobed) at the summit, occasionally with one or two lateral, con- 
— — bristle-tipped lobes or teeth, rusty-pubescent beneath, 
shining above, 4in. to 9in. long. h. 8ft. to 25ft. North America, 
1739. Deciduous. SYN. Q. ferruginea. s 
Q. obtusiloba (obtuse-lobed). A synonym of Q. stellata. 
Q. olivæformis (Olive-shape-fruited). A variety of Q. macrocarpa. 
palustris (marsh-loving). Pin Oak. fl., catkins pilose; cup 
- flat saucer-shaped, five to seven lines broad, sometimes contracted 
into a short scaly base or stalk, five-scaled, very much shorter 
than the ovoid or globose acorn, which is five to seven lines long. 
l. deeply pinnatitid, with divergent lobes and broad rounded 
— h. 60ft. North America, 1800. Deciduous. (E. T. S. M. 
Q. pannonica (Hungarian). A synonym of Q. conferta. 
Q. pectinata (comb-like). A synonym of Q. pedunculata jilicifolia. 
Q. pedunculata uncled).* fr., cup imbricated ; nut oblong ; 
stalk elongated. ¢. oblong, smooth, dilated upwards; sinuses 
rather acute ; lobes obtuse. Branches spreading, tortuous. h. 50ft. 
to over 100ft. Europe (Britain), &c. Deciduous. A sub-species 
of Q. Robur. (Sy. En. B. 1288.) The following are varieties : 
Q. p. Concordia (Concordia).* J. bright yellow, maintaining 
their colour throughout the season. In places where this — 
succeeds well, it is one of the most effective of golden-foliag 
trees. (L H. xiv. 537.) 
Q. p. fastigiata (pyramidal). A handsome tree, with erect, 
pyramidal —— — sat A form it resembles the Lombardy 
Poplar. Q cupressoides, Q. pyra- 
y (G: C. n.5., xix. 179.) SYNS. 
midalis (of gardens). i * 
Q. p. filicifolia (Fern-leaved). J. with narrow lobes almost cut 
down to the midrib. SYN. Q. pectinata (G. C. n. S., Xiv. . 
Q. p. heterophylla (variable-leaved).* J. variable in outline, 
irregularly sinuate or lobed. : 
Q. p. Hodginsii (Hodgins’). 
Habit etc ne) 
Q. p. pendula (pendulous), Weeping Oak. A variety with 
' pendulous branches, 
Q. p. purpurascens (purplish). Z., young ones almost entirely 
— very striking, Young shoots and footstalks tinged with 
rple. 
p variegata (variegated). l. variegated with purple and 
e. 
Q. Phellos (Phellos).* Willow Oak. fl., catkins slender, half as 
long as the leaves. fr. solitary, sessile or very shortly peduncu- 
Vol. IIL 
l. much smaller than in the type. 
Q. sclerophylla 
P. glandulifera. 
Q. serrata (serrated).* 
Young branches silky-pubescent. h. 6ft. Japan. Half-hardy 
—— W. & F., Dec. 12, 1883.) 
Q. (sessile-flowered).* fr. sessile, or on a usually 
shertened uncle; nut oblong. l. on more or less elongated 
Quercus—continued. 
late; cup saucer-shaped, with ovate, adpressed, obtuse, silky 
scales; nut usually one-half longer than the cup. 2. acute or — 
obtuse at base, linear-oblong, bristly-acuminate or cuspidate, — 
entire or undulated, light green, 3in. to 4in. long. h. 50ft. North 
America, 1723. Deciduous. ; 
Q. P. cinerea (ashy-grey). A synonym of Q. cinerea. 
Q. Prinus (Prinus). Chestnut Oak. fr. on peduncles shorter 
than the petioles; cup thick, sin. to lin. wide, mostly tubercu- 
late, with hard and stout scales, hoary, about half the length of 
the edible nut, which is lin. or less long. J. variable, obovate or 
oblong, with an obtuse or acute base, undulately crenate-toothed, 
minutely downy beneath; the main primary ribs ten to sixteen 
pairs, straight, prominent beneath. h. 26tt. to 90ft. North 
America, 1730. iduous. SYN. Q. montana. : 
Q. P. tomentosa (tomentose). A synonym of P. bicolor. 
Q. pseudosuber. Bastard Cork-tree; False Cork Oak. fl., male 
catkins numerous, 2in. long; female flowers scattered. fr. few, 
shortly pedunculate or sub-sessile; cup jin, to lin. long, hemi- 
spherical or obovoid-turbinate ; scales greyish-pubescent, at length 
spreading or reflexed ; nut often twice as long asthe cup. 1. ob- — 
tuse or acute at base, ovate or oblong, 2}in. to 3in. long, sh Ki 
penou, toothed or crenate, mucronate, above sparsely, and 
low thickly, white-pubescent; stipules narrow-linear, pubes- 
cent. h. 50ft. South Europe, 1824. Evergreen. (K. E. E. 35.) — 
SYN. Q. Turneri. : 
Q. pyramidalis (pyramidal). A garden synonym of Q. pedwn- 
culata fastigiata. — 
Q. pyrenaica (Pyrenean). A synonym of Q. Toza. 
Q. reticulata (netted). . on long peduncles; c 
spherical, pubescent, two Ho four lines long, with sed 
scales; nut semi-exserted. J. shortly petiolate or sub-sessile, sub- -· 
cordate or cordate at base, obovate, rounded at the a — 
4in. long, 14in. to 3in. br mucronate, crenate-den Or 
almost entire, glabrescent above, fulvous-tomentose and reticu- 
hemi- ES, 
lated beneath. Young branches yellow-tomentose. h. 10ft. — 
Mexico, 1840, Half-hardy evergreen. : mae re 
Q. Robur (Robur). Black Oak ; Common Oak. Under this name 
Hooker, De Candolle, and other eminent authorities, include 
Q. pedunculata and Q. sessiliflora, the British representatives of 
the genus, as sub-species ; but, for garden purposes, it is desirable 
here to accord them specific rank. See also Oak, 
Q. rubra (red).* Champion or Red Oak. fr., cup saucer-sha) 
or flat, with a narrow, raised border (jin. to lin. in diameter) of 
rather fine, closely adpressed scales, sessile or on a very short 
and abrupt, narrow stalk or neck, very much shorter than the 
oblong-ovoid or ellipsoid nut, which is lin. or less in — 
k EA or often obtuse at the base, elliptic or oblong, rather thin, 
moderately (rarely very deeply) pinnatifid, torning dark red after 
frost. Bark of trunk dark grey, rather smooth. North America, 
1769. A large tree. The wood is reddish and coarse-grained. 
(E. T. S. M. 169.) ; 
salicina (Willow-like). Willow Oak. fl, catkins shorter than 
= leaves. J solitary, on a short peduncle; cup shortly hemi- 
spherical, łin. broad, with five or six concentric zones; nut 
ellipsoid, much exserted. J. shortly petiolate, slightly acute or 
obtuse at base, acuminate, entire or remotely serrate-denticulate, 
coriaceous, glabrous above, and beneath when old; young ones 
adpressedly pilose beneath. Young branchlets pubescent. 
Japan, 1860. Evergreen shrub. SYN. Q. bambuserfolia. 
) ard-leaved), of Lindley. jr. sessile, approxi- 
—— 4in. broad, tomen , with adpressed 
protruding, pubescent. J. petiolate, ovate or 
se ease Naor iin to i Pron, hao sare, 
serral in. in. lon; in. to r ; aboy 
— pub t eat Branches glabrous. North China, 
1850. Evergreen shrub. (L. & P. F. G. i. 59.) 
(hard-leaved), of gardens, A synonym of 
Japanese Silkworm Oak, fl., catkins 
loose, pendulous, lin. to 2in. long; females in the axils, soli 
or twin. fr., cup hemispherical, seven to twelve lines b 
with greyish-velvety s r at the base; nut ellipsoid, 
scarcely exceeding the cup. l. obtuse or rarely acute at base, 
oblong or lanceolate, acute or rarely obtuse, crenate-serrate, with 
long, bristly teeth, 2in. to 8in. long, żin. to bin, broad, on petioles 
in. to lin. long; young ones ightly silky; adults glabrous. 
Q. sclerophylla 
mating ; cup sub 
scales; nut sligh 
petioles, oblong, smooth ; sinuses opposite, rather obtuse ; lobes 
acute. 
rtuous spra i 
om buds, and by the stalked leaves asg Coa! retained, 
after withering, until the following spring. 
_ flora is, moreover, darker, heavier, and more e 
g. unculata ; the acorns, too, are sessile, or very shortly 
. (Sy. En. B. 1289.) 
2 M 
