266 = THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Quercus— continued. 
Q. s. cochleata (shell-shaped). The edges of the leavesin this 
form are curved — and the upper surface is thus rendered 
more or less shell-shaped. ` $ 
. Q. s. Louetti (Louett’s).* l. long, narrow, almost sessile, narrowed 
to both ends, about 5in. long and less than lin. broad. 
Q. s. rubicunda (rubicund). l. rather deep red, especially in 
the earlier part of the summer. 
Q. Skinneri (Skinner’s). M. catkins pubescent. fr. very distinct, 
large, on a peduncle two to six lines long; cup flat-patelliform, 
liin. to 14in. broad, with adpressed, ovate-deltoid, sub-velvety 
scales; nut liin. long, and as much broad at base, globose- 
ovoid. Z. long-stalked, ovate or sub-lanceolate-oblong, acute or 
obtuse at base, acuminate at apex, bristly-toothed on the mar- 
gins and at apex; young ones slightly puberulous; adults 
glabrous. Young branches glabrous. Mexico, Shrub. (G. C. 
1841, p. 116.) 
Q. stellata (starry). Post Oak. fr., cup deep saucer-shaped, 
naked, one-third or one-half the length of the nut, which is ovoid 
in shape, żin. to jin. long. l. greyish or yellowish-downy beneath, 
pale and rough above, thickish, sinuately cut into five to seven- 
rounded, divergent lobes, the — ones much larger and often 
one to three-notched. North America, 1819. A deciduous tree, 
— exceeding 50ft. in height. (E. T. S. M. 151.) SYN. Q. obtusi- 
FIG. 344. FRUIT AND LEAVES OF QUERCUS SUBER. 
`Q. Suber (probably derived from suphar, bark).* Cork Oak; | 
Cork-tree, fr. often solitary, pedunculate or sessile ; cup obovate- 
hemispherical, obconical or rarely obtuse at base, żin. to Zin. long. 
and more broad, with velvety, erect and adpressed scales; nut 
often exceeding the cup by one-half. Z. usually lin. to 2in. lo 
żin, to 1jin. broad, on petioles two to six lines long, ovate, Dit 
or oblong, acute, toothed or rarely entire, glabrous above, 
beneath, as well as on the branchlets, stellate-velvety-hoary. 
m re ra — — Europe, 1581. This evergree 
urnishes the cork of commerce. See Fig. 4 D 
W DD DS Fig. 344. (K. E. E. 
length, long-exserted. 7. acute or acuminate at base, ellipti 
obovate-oblong, slightly obtuse, acuminated, 3in. to ‘tin koz 
in. to lin. broad, entire or slightly. serrated near the apex, 
oe t t beneath. Branches 
tomentose. C 50. E $ in 
Laer se See 0. : Evergreen shrub. SYN. Q. inversa 
Q, Huctoria (ayers). uercitron; Black, Dyers’, or Yellow- 
: Y lp ; Jr., cup fiat beneath; nut globose. Z. downy 
—— , obovate-oblong, dilated, widely sinuated, large, turning 
srownish, orange, or dull red, in the autumn resembling those of 
Q. coccinea, but having fewer lobes ; lobes short, obtuse, slightly 
Quereus—continued. 
toothed, bristle-pointed. Bark dark-coloured and rough, A. 80ft. 
to 100ft. United States, 1800. (B. M. P1. 251.) 
Q. Toza (Toza).* jr. sessile or shortly pedunculate ; cup hemi 
spherical, four to six lines long, with loose, adpressed scales, 
pubescent outside;.nut two to four times longer than the 
cup, ovate-ellipsoid. l. ovate or oblong, 2in. to 4in. long, żin. 
to 13in. broad, variously pinnatifid, stellato-pilose above, very 
densely stellato-rufous-tomentose beneath ; lobes ovate or oblong, 
obtuse. South Europe, &c. Deciduous, (K. E. E. 22.) SYN. 
Q. pyrenaica, $ 
Q. Turneri (Turner’s). A synonym of Q. pseudosuber. 
Q. Ungeri (Unger’s). A synonym of Q. Ægilops. 
Q. virens (green). Live Oak. fr. one to three on usually con- 
spicuous peduncles ; cup turbinate, five to eight lines long, 
greyish, with adpressed, slightly velvety scales ; nut oblong, ex- 
ceeding the cup by one-half or more. J. lin. to Sin. long, żin. to 
ljin. broad, oblong-elliptical, hoary beneath as well as on the 
branches, entire or irregularly lobed-dentate. h. 40ft. or more. 
North America, 1737. Evergreen. 
QUERNALES. A name given to plants which 
agree in general characters with Quercus. 
QUESNELIA (named in honour of M. Quesnel, a 
French Consul at Cayenne, who was the means of intro- 
ducing the genus to Europe). Syn. Lievena. ORD. 
Bromeliacee. A small genus (three or four species) of 
stove, herbaceous, Brazilian plants, allied to Billbergia. 
Sepals free above the ovary, ovate, imbricated; petals 
free, narrow, the apex dilated into a spreading lamina ; 
stamens three, alternating with the petals; inflorescence 
cone-like, simple, ovoid or oblong, thick; peduncle ter- 
minal, tall, clothed with spathe-like scales. Leaves 
clustered, long, spinuloso-serrated. For culture, see Bill- 
bergia. 
roseo-marginata (rose-margined). This is the correct 
name of the plant described in this work as Billbergia rosea- 
marginata. ; 
Q. rufa (red). This is the proper name of the plant described in 
this work as Billbergia Quesneliana. 
Q. Van Houttei (Van Houtte’s). fi. white, cobalt-blue at the 
tips, crowded in many series, each subtended by a bract; bracts 
rose-coloured above, and clothed below with white down; 
inflorescence a large, cylindrical spike, borne on a scape Lsft. 
to 2ft. high. Zł. numerous, armed with strong spines, some- 
times banded with white beneath. (B. H. 1881, 18.) 
~ QUICKTHORN. A common name for Crategus 
Oxyacantha. 
QUILLAI-TREE. See Quillaja saponaria. 
QUILLAJA (from the Chilian name, Quillai or 
Cullay). Syn. Smegmadermos. ORD. Rosacew. A small 
genus (three or four species) of very glabrous, green- 
house, evergreen trees, some remarkable in possessing @ 
soap-like bark; they are natives of South Brazil, Chili, 
and Peru. Flowers rather large, tomentose ; lateral ones 
male, central ones purplish; calyx coriaceous, persistent, 
five-lobed, valvate ; petals five, small, sessile, spathulate ; 
pedicels bibracteolate; peduncles axillary and terminal, 
three to five-flowered. Leaves scattered, petiolate, 
simple, thickly coriaceous, almost entire, veined. The 
bark of the under-mentioned species contains a con- 
siderable amount of carbonate of lime and other 
mineral substances, also saponine, a vegetable-soap 
principle, on which account it is used for washing and 
cleaning clothes, &e. For culture, see Kageneckia. 
Q. saponaria (Soapwort). Quillai ite, 
usually i hina celts ot p hing: rao p vy — 
April. l. oval, mostly toothed, smooth, shini hort-stalked. 
h. 50ft. to 60f, Chil, 1832 (R H 1813 2a) S 
QUINARY, QUINATE. Disposed in fives. 
QUINCE (Cydonia vulgaris). The Quince is a native 
of Northern Persia, but naturalised throughout the Medi- 
terranean region, &c., whence it was long since introduced 
to this country. It forms a spreading, deciduous tree, 
the branches of which are usually much contorted. The 
fruits emit a powerful and rather peculiar perfume when 
ripe, and are exceedingly acid and astringent in a raw 
state. They are chiefly used for making a kind of mar- 
malade, and other preserves, and for adding, in 
