AN ENCYCLOPEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 267 
Quince—continued. 
quantities, to Apples when cooking, to give briskness 
and increased flavour. The chief use of the Quince-tree 
is, perhaps, that of providing stocks whereon to graft 
Pears. It is naturally inclined to root near the surface, 
and the roots are fibry, in comparison with those of the 
Pear itself, which is also used. The Quince stock 
possesses, in most instances, the valuable property of 
dwarfing the growth of Pear-trees, and causing them to 
become more productive than they would be on their own 
roots ; hence, it is extensively and most successfully used 
for this purpose (see Pear). Most orchards—in all the 
southern parts of the country, at least—are furnished 
with one or more specimens of Quince. The trees seldom 
perfect their fruit northwards. 
Fig, 345. FRUIT AND LEAVES OF PORTUGAL QUINCE. 
- Propagation is most generally effected by cuttings 
and by layers; by seeds also, when any are obtainable. 
Cuttings of the current year’s wood, with a heel of two- 
year-old wood attached, may be inserted in the open 
ground, early in autumn. ‘They soon root, and will be 
ready for grafting or budding about the second, or some- 
times the third, year afterwards. Layers may be obtained 
in quantity from an old stool that has been cut down. 
Young shoots proceed from the base, and when firm 
enough, the following autumn, these may be layered, 
or the stock itself covered with soil, into which the 
new growths will root. The following autumn, they may 
be detached and planted in nursery rows, and the next 
year other young ones will again proceed from the 
stock, which may, in turn, be similarly treated. 
The Quince is not naturally inclined to grow straight 
and upright; to get standard trees, therefore, consider- 
able attention and encouragement are necessary in train- 
ing to get a vigorous and tolerably straight stem. As 
a stock, the Quince is not much required to form 
standards: the straight stem may be obtained, as a rule, 
more easily by adopting a system of double-grafting, as 
described under Pear. , 
Quince-trees succeed best in rather moist situations, 
where the soil is rich and somewhat light, ‘not of a 
heavy, clayey nature. An open, sunny situation is neces- 
sary where the ripening and perfecting of fruit is of 
importance. The fruits may be allowed to hang on the 
tree until the approach of frost: they are seldom ripe 
before the end of October. When gathered, they should 
be laid on clean straw, or on a cool fruit-room shelf, 
away from other specimens of fruit, until becoming quite 
yellow, when they will be fit for use. 
Quince—continued. 
There are only three principal varieties of Quince 
cultivated for the use of their fruits. These are enume- 
rated below. 
pple-shaped. Fruit roundish, somewhat similar to an apple, - 
of a rich golden colour when ripe. Tree very productive. 
Pear-shaped. Fruit pyriform, rather larger than the preceding, 
and later in ripening ; skin also paler-coloured, and rather woolly. 
This is the variety most commonly grown. 
Po: al. Fruit very large, sometimes 4in. long and 3in. in 
diameter at the thickest part, elongated, and often irregular in 
outline ; skin deep yellow, thickly covered with a woolly sub- 
stance. This variety is superior in flavour to either of the 
others, but the tree is not so productive. It grows very 
vigorously. See Fig. 345. 
QUINCE, BENGAL. See Ægle. 
QUININE PLANTS. ‘lhe principal of these are 
several species of Cinchona, viz., O. Calisaya, © Ledger- 
iana, OC. officinalis, C. succirubra, &e. : 
QUINQUE. A term, used in Latin compounds, sig- 
nifying five; e.g., Quinquefoliolate, five-leaved; Quinque- 
nerved, applied to a leaf having five ribs all proceeding 
from the same point of, the base. 
QUINSY-BERRY. The fruit of Ribes nigrum. 
QUINTILIA. A synonym of Stauranthera (which 
see). 
QUISQUALIS (from quis, who, and qualis, what 
kind; it was uncertain, when the name was given, to 
what class or order the genus belonged). Orp. Combre- 
tacew. A genus consisting of two species of stove, 
climbing shrubs, with slender branchlets, natives of 
Fig. 346. FLOWERING BRANCHLET OF QUISQUALIS INDICA. 
i Asia and tropical and South Africa, Flowers 
— red (colours variable), showy, disposed in short, 
axillary and terminal spikes, sometimes racemose; calyx 
tube produced a considerable length above the ovary; 
petals fiye, large or small, obtuse. Fruit rather large, 
dry, oblong, coriaceous, five-winged, one-seeded. Leaves 
opposite or nearly so, membranous, oblong or obovate, 
-F 
* 
