268 
— 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
-© Quisqualis—continued. : 
acuminate, entire. Q. indica thrives in a compost of 
peat and loam, the latter preponderating. Propagation 
may be effected by cuttings of the young shoots, taken 
off with a heel, and inserted in sand, under a bell glass, 
in bottom heat. The other species, Q. parviflora, a 
native of Natal, is not in cultivation. 
Q. glabra (smooth). A synonym of Q. indica. 
Q. indica (Indian).* Rangoon Creeper. ji. varying in colour from 
orange to red, beautiful, sweet-scented ; tals oval-oblong, 
adpressedly pubescent. May to August. l. ovate, acuminate. 
Tropical Asia and Africa, 1815. Plant pubescent or glabrous. 
See Fig. 346. B. M. 2033; B. R. 492.) Syns. Q. glabra, 
. pub % inensis (B. R. xxx, 15). 
Q. pubescens (downy). A synonym of Q. indica. 
Q. sinensis (Chinese). A synonym of Q. indica. 
QUIVER-TREE. A common name for Aloe dicho- 
toma 
* 
UIVISIA (Bois de Quivi is the name given in the 
Isle of France). ORD. Meliacew. A genus comprising 
five species of stove trees and shrubs, natives of the 
Mauritius and Madagascar. Flowers axillary, solitary 
or shortly cymose; calyx cupular, four or five-toothed, 
persistent ; petals four or five, oblong or linear, valvate 
or imbricated. Leaves sub-opposite or alternate, simple, 
entire or pinnately lobed on the same branches, shining 
above, reticulately veined. Q. heterophylla—the only 
species introduced—requires a compost of sandy loam 
and fibry peat. It may be increased by cuttings of 
ripened shoots, inserted in sand, under a glass, in brisk 
bottom heat. 
Q. heterophylla (variable-leaved). f/f. white; pedicels twin, 
axillary, one-flowered. J. alternate, oval or obovate, entire, 
sinuate-toothed er pinnatifid. A. 10ft. to 15ft. Mauritius, 1822. 
This is placed, by Baker, together with several other forms, 
which have been described as species, under Q. mauritiana. 
RACE. “A variety of such fixity that it is repro- 
duced by seed; also used, in a looser and more extended 
sense, for a series of related individuals, without par- 
ticular regard for rank” (Asa Gray). 
RACEME. 
are arranged singly, on distinct pedicels, along a common 
axis. 
RACEMIFEROUS. Bearing racemes. 
RACEMOSE. In racemes; having the appearance 
or character of a raceme. 
RACHIS, or RHACHIS. The axis of an inflores- 
cence or of a compound leaf. | : 
RADEMACHIA. A synonym of Artocarpus. 
RADIATE. Spreading from, or arranged around, a 
common centre, or around the circumference of a circle ; 
e.g., the arms of an umbel, or the ligulate florets of 
Composites. 
RADICAL. Of, belonging to, or proceeding from, a 
_ root, or from a root-like portion of stem at or below 
the surface of the soil. 
RADICANT. Rooting. 
RADICEL, RADICELLA. A minute root; a 
rootlet. The tiny roots which appear on a young plant 
at the time of germination. 
RADICIFLOROUS. 
the root. 
_ RADICLE. The first root of a plant, rudimentary 
in the embryo. 
RADICOSE. Having a large root. 
RADISH (Raphanus sativus). A hardy annual, cul- 
tivated from a very early period, principally for the 
use of its fleshy roots in salad preparations; the seed- 
è 
Apparently flowering from 
An inflorescence in which the flowers 
and Mildew (Peronospora parasitica). 
Radish—continued. 
pods are also sometimes used for pickling, when they 
are young and green. Radishes are very popular, and 
much esteemed for salading, especially in spring and 
during early summer, when they grow quickly. They 
are only really tender and fit for eating during a limited 
period, from the time the roots are large enough to use 
until the tops form a few rough leaves, and show signs 
of starting a flower-stem. At this stage, the roots 
become stringy, and have a hot flavour. The chief point- 
in the culture of Radishes for maintaining a supply is 
that of sowing a small quantity frequently, to insure a 
succession. Few plants are more easily grown, or arrive 
more quickly at a stage ready for use. The early spring 
supplies are generally grown in frames by themselves, 
or along with Asparagus or Potatoes that are being 
forced. A slight bottom heat, from fermenting material, 
is sufficient to insure germination; afterwards, air must 
be admitted as the weather permits—a temperature of 
50deg. in the frame is ample. The seeds are generally 
best sown broadcast, either in frames or the open ground, 
except those intended for winter consumption, which may 
be placed in shallow drills, 6in. or 8in. apart. Sowings ` 
may be made in warm positions outside early in the 
year, for the purpose of obtaining crops to be used 
along with, or independent of, those from frames. From 
January to April, the young plants will require protection 
during frosty and any unfavourable weather: this may 
be afforded by bending sticks over and laying mats upon 
them. From March onwards, sowings should be made 
outside about every fortnight, supposing the produce is 
required: this insures a succession. Radishes succeed 
in any light soil; it should be dug deeply, and be 
raked fine on the surface before the seeds are sown. 
Winter Radishes require to be sown in July or August, 
and the plants thinned afterwards to about 4in. apart. 
For summer, a cool, shady position should be selected; a 
warm, sheltered situation is best suited at all other 
seasons. Birds are vety fond of Radish seed; conse- 
quently, it must be protected for a time, wherever sown. 
Throughout summer, the young plants require frequent 
waterings: if this is neglected in dry weather, they soon 
run to seed, and the roots are then of no use. 
Funo. The Fungi parasitic on Radishes call for but 
a short notice, since only one or two of them ever do 
much damage; and all of them grow also on other 
cultivated Orucifere, including Cabbages and Turnips. 
The worst are the White Rust (Cystopus candidus) 
The former pro- 
duces white patches on the leaves, and also grows on 
and deforms the flowers, causing an enlargement of all 
their parts, and rendering them sterile (see Rusts). The 
Mildew (see Peronospora) is much less noticeable in 
its effects, but is not less hurtful to the plants. 
Insects. Radishes are apt to suffer from the ravages 
of the same insects as feed on Turnips. Roots of Radishes 
are eaten by the usual subterranean foes that attack 
other fleshy roots. Among these are Julus and other 
Millipedes (which see), and the larvæ of certain Noctue, 
or Night Moths. The most dangerous of the foes that live 
on the roots are the larve of several species of flies that 
belong to the same genus as the Onion Fly (which see). 
All of these larve eat the roots of other Crucifere also, 
e.g., Cabbage; but one species (Anthomyia radicum) 
has received the name of Radish Fly, from its pre- 
ference for this plant. This fly is very common through- 
out the summer. Its body is about }in. long, and its 
spread of wings from Hin. to }in. The body is covered, 
not very thickly, with stiff hairs. The male has the 
thorax black, with two short, grey, narrow stripes length- 
wise; the abdomen is grey, with a black line down the 
middle and three black lines across it; the forehead is 
white, with a black, triangular spot; the face is whitish- 
ochreous; the legs and antennæ are black; the wings 
