272 
THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
Rampion—continued. 
is raised from seeds, which are very minute, and should 
be sown in very shallow drills, 6in. apart, not earlier 
than about the end of May, lest the plants run to seed 
before winter. Rampion is not extensively cultivated. 
It prefers a rather shady situation, and rich, light soil. 
The seeds should only be covered very slightly. Fre- 
quent waterings are necessary until the plants are 
established. When they are large enough to handle, 
thin out to 4in. apart. The roots, which are fleshy and 
white, will be fit for use from November through winter ; 
they require scraping before being eaten. See Fig. 350. 
RAMPION, HORNED. See Phyteuma. 
RAM’S FOOT. An old name for Ranunculus aqua- 
tilus. 
RAM’S HEAD. A common name for Cypripedium 
arietinum. 
RAM’S HORNS. 
mascula. 
RAMSONS. See Allium ursinum. 
RAMULARIA. A group of Fungi, parasitic on 
various parts of living plants. The species are numerous; 
but almost all of them cause brown or pale spots on 
the leaves or other green organs, and their effect is 
thus conspicuous, though very seldom so hurtful as to 
cause serious injury to the plants. The mycelium is 
inside the host-plant; and from it, at each stoma, are 
pushed out several erect branches (conidiophores), which, 
at the tip, or near it, bear conidia, or spores. These 
are nearly cylindrical, but taper at both ends, and are 
divided by two or more cross-walls into several cells. 
It is probable that the Fungi grouped under Ramularia 
belong to the reproduction of Pyrenomycetes (which 
see). To enumerate the species that affect cultivated 
plants is unnecessary, since probably few flowering plants 
are quite free from the attacks of some Fungus of the 
group to which Ramularia belongs. No known remedy is 
so effectual as burning the more diseased plants or 
leaves. Fortunately, these Fungi seldom commit very 
serious depredations on cultivated plants. 
RAMULOSE. Bearing many branchlets or twigs. 
RANARIA. A synonym of Herpestis. . * 
RANCAGUA. A synonym of Lasthenia (which see). 
RANDALIA. A synonym of Eriocaulon. 
RANDIA (named in honour of Isaac Rand, formerly 
Prefectus of the Botanic Garden of the Society of 
Apothecaries at Chelsea). Syns. Cupia, Oxyceros, Stylo- 
coryne. ORD. Rubiacee. 
ninety species of erect or climbing, unarmed or spiny, 
stove, evergreen trees or shrubs, allied to Gardenia, 
inhabiting tropical regions, mostly in Asia and Africa. 
Flowers white or yellow, rarely pink, small or large, 
solitary, corymbose or fascicled, axillary, very rarely 
terminal; calyx tube ovoid, obovoid, or turbinate, 
the limb usually tubular, rarely toothed or lobed; 
corolla funnel-shaped, campanulate, or hypocrateri- 
form, with a short or elongated tube, a glabrous 
or villous throat, and a limb of five (rarely more) acute 
or obtuse, twisted lobes; stamens five. . Leaves obovate, 
oblong, or lanceolate, usually coriaceous. A selection of 
the introduced species is here given; they are shrubs, 
except — otherwise indicated. For culture, see 
en 
R. aculeata (prickly). Indigo Berry. M. white, axillary, sessil 
solitary, hypocrateriform; corolla tube twice as Sone as the 
calyx teeth. July. jr. the size of a small cherry. zł. obo- 
* be og — — — at base. Branchlets 
zl; i s rigid, opposi e axils, s ing. 
West Indies, 1733. Syn. —— Banded EM Bs k — 
R. dumetorum (bushy). fl. white, at 1 h : 
tube longer than the lanceolate corolla — —— 
A common name for Orchis 
A genus comprising about’ 
Randia—continued. 
side. July. fr. large, ovate-cordate, shining. Jl. opposite or 
fasciculate, obovate-cuneate, smooth. h. 5ft. East Indies, 1825, 
A much-branched shrub or small tree, with axillary, rigid spines. 
SYN. 4 : 
R. fasciculata (fascicled). A. white, sweet-scented, at length 
yellowish; fascicles sub-sessile. July. J. ovate-oblong, sub- 
sessile, smooth. h. 4ft. East Indies, 1824. A much-branched 
shrub, with axillary, spreading spines. 
R. floribunda (bundle-flowered). A synonym of R. dumetorum. 
R. horrida (horrid). #. white, in trichotomous, sub-terminal 
racemes. May. fr. black. J. ovate-lanceolate, glabrous. 
Branches reclinate ; branchlets decussate; spines large, opposite, 
horn-like. A. 5ft. Cochin China, 1825. 
R. macrantha (large-flowered).* fl. pale yellow, axillary or ter- 
minal on the ultimate branchlets, solitary ; calyx lobes somewhat 
leaf-like; corolla tube very long. June. J. obovate-oblong, 
acuminate, shortly petiolate, membranous, obsoletely pubes- 
cent beneath and on the veins. h. 9ft. to 30ft. Brazil, 1815. 
Unarmed climbing shrub or small tree. (B. M. 3809, under 
name of R. Bowieana; B. R. 1846, 63, under name. of Gardenia 
Devoniana.) x 
R. maculata (spotted).* A. white; corolla almost glabrous or 
scarcely puberulous, with a very long tube. April. J. sub- 
coriaceous, shining, highly glabrous, oblong, very shortly petio- 
late. Sierra Leone, 1843. A small, unarmed, highly glabrous 
tree. (B. M. 4185, under name of Gardenia Stanleyana.) 
R., malleifera (hammer-bearing). jl. white, solitary, terminal, 
tomentose; corolla tube cylindrical, club-shaped, expanded into 
a broad, funnel-shaped limb. July. Z. ternate, obovate, cuspi- 
date, cuneate at base, shortly petiolate, highly glabrous. h. 4ft. 
to oft. Sierra Leone, 1843. Syns. Gardenia malleifera (B. M. 
4301), G. Whitefieldii. 
R. rotundifolia (round-leaved). jl. white, solitary, sessile; 
corolla twice as long as the calyx. July. jr. yellowish. Z. sub- 
rotundate or ovate, pubescent on both sides, wrinkled. Branches 
and spines sub-verticillate. h. 6ft. Peru, 1820. 
RANUNCULACES:. A natural order of herbs, 
rarely shrubs or woody climbers, dispersed over nearly 
the whole of the globe. Flowers regular or rarely 
irregular, hermaphrodite or by abortion dicecious; in- 
florescence usually terminal, racemose or paniculate; 
sepals three to many, usually five, hypogynous, free, 
commonly petaloid and deciduous, imbricated or valvate ; 
petals as many as the sepals, or numerous, sometimes 
flat and conspicuous, sometimes small, deformed, or even 
absent, imbricated ; stamens usually numerous and many- 
seriate, hypogynous, free; anther connectives continuous 
with the filaments; carpels many or rarely solitary, free 
or rarely sub-connate. Fruit of pointed or feathery 
achenes, or of follicles, which are rarely united into a 
capsule. Leaves radical or alternate (in Clematidew 
opposite) entire or palmately or sub-pinnately dissected ; 
petioles often dilated, amplexicaul or rarely furnished 
with stipuliform appendages. Most of the Ranunculacee 
possess acrid, and more or less poisonous, but never- 
theless volatile, properties. The juice of the leaves of 
Clematis Vitalba is employed by beggars for producing 
artificial sores. Several species of Helleborus possess- 
purgative and poisonous properties. The narcotic and 
poisonous characters of the Aconites are well-known. The 
order comprises thirty genera, and upwards of 1200 
species have been described, many of which are highly 
ornamental garden plants. Examples: Aconitum, Anemone, 
Clematis, Delphinium, Peonia, and Ranunculus. 
RANUNCULUS (a Latin name for a little frog 
applied by Pliny to these plants, the aquatic species 
growing where frogs abound). Buttercup; Crowfoot. 
Including Ceratocephalus and Ficaria. Orp. Ramm- 
culacee. A large genus (about 160 species) of mostly 
hardy annual herbs (or at length often having peren- 
nial stems), dispersed over the whole globe, but most 
copious in temperate and frigid regions, particularly in 
the Northern hemisphere; within the tropics, a few only 
are found, and these on the tops of mountains. Flowers 
white, yellow, or red, terminal, solitary or paticulate, 
rarely sessile in the axils of the branchlets; sepals three 
to five, caducous; petals equal in number, or more 
(sometimes as many as fifteen), with a nectar-bearing 
scale at the base, conspicuous or rarely minute ; stamens 
