ee Oe ae ee a ee ee AEE E EENEN i * 
AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
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OF HORTICULTURE. 281 
RED MAGGOT. The name popularly given to small 
orange or lemon-coloured grubs, which are often to be 
found in the flowering-heads of grasses, between the 
glumes. They seem to feed on the juices or sap of the 
female part, or ovary, of each flower, and thereby pre- 
vent the formation of seeds, On cereals, e.g., Wheat, they 
are often very abundant, and do very great harm to 
the produce of the crops. The grubs are wrinkled into 
folds crosswise. They are not provided with feet, but can 
wriggle along freely; they do not exceed in. in length. 
When full-fed, they become orange pups, either in the 
ear, or on falling to the ground, into which the larve 
burrow before the change. From these pups, small, two- 
winged flies—the Wheat-midges (Cecidomyia Tritici and 
Lasioptera obfuscata)—emerge in June and July. The 
former species is orange or dull yellow, with black eyes, 
and has the longest vein in each wing unbranched, The 
latter insect has the body blackish, and the longest vein 
in the wing is forked. The females lay eggs in the young 
spikelets of the cereals, by means of a long, flexible tube 
or ovipositor. i 
Remedies are required in farming only, as these Midges 
are hardly ever troublesome in gardens. It has been 
found very useful to plough so as to bury the surface 
sods 6in. or Vin. deep; and it is well to sow cereals so 
as not to ear when the Midges are on the wing. Burning 
stubble, chaff, &c., has been found of considerable ser- 
vice against them. 
RED MOROCCO. A common name for Adonis 
autumnalis. ; 
j RED OSIER DOGWOOD. See Cornus stoloni- 
era. ; 
REDOUTEA. A synonym of Fugosia (which see). 
RED ROOT. See Lachnanthes. The name is 
also applied to Ceanothus americanus. 
RED ROT. A common name for Drosera rotundifolia, 
RED ROT. A name employed to denote a decayed 
state of the stem in various „Conifers, seldom in other 
trees, in which the wood becomes decayed and red, and 
this condition spreads gradually from place to place. 
The disease is of common occurrence over a great part 
of Europe. A careful microscopic examination of the 
diseased wood proves that the cells are full of an 
abundant mycelium of a Fungus; and Prof. Hartig has 
shown that the discoloration may be due to more than 
one Fungus, of which the more important is a species 
of Trametes (which see). Polyporus sulphureus (see 
Polyporus) has been observed to cause a similar con- 
dition in Dicotyledonous trees, e.g., Pear-trees, &e. 
Treatment. The whole tree, unless valuable, should 
be cut into firewood and destroyed. If the tree is so 
valuable as to render its preservation desirable, the 
diseased portions should be removed and burned, and 
the conidia ought on no account to be permitted to 
spread, to the injury of adjacent trees. It is not pos- 
sible, in the present state of our knowledge, to destroy 
—* _mycelium without injuring the wood-cells in which 
it lies. 
RED SPIDER (Tetranychus telarius). A small, 
eight-legged mite, which receives its popular name from 
its colour (which is almost always between rusty-red and 
brick-red) and its power, like a spider, of spinning a 
` fine web on the lower surface of the leaves of trees. It 
is not a true spider. Gardeners are but too well ac- 
quainted with its depredations on fruit-trees and hot- 
house plants, the leaves of which it frequently injures 
very much. For a full account of Red Spider, and of 
remedies against it, see Tetranychus telarius. 
REDUPLICATE. Folding and projecting out- 
wards, : 
RED-WATER-TREE. See Erythrophleum. 
Vol, IIL 
RED WEED. See Papaver Rhœas. 3 
RED-WOOD-TREE. A common name for various J 
species of Ceanothus, Pterocarpus, &c. 
REED. See Arundo. 
REED, INDIAN. A common name for Canna 
indica. 
REED MACE. See Typha latifolia. 
REEL AND LINE. Garden Lines are indispensable 
for marking off spaces when cropping, and for indicating 
the positions of plants, trees, edgings,&c. A long Line 
should be wound on an iron Reel, as this permits it to 
dry more readily, after being used in the wet, than it ` 
would if rolled up closely on an ordinary stick. A Line 
Reel is usually made to revolve on a long iron pin by 
turning a small handle or projection on the upper cross- 
bar. Various sizes are made, to suit different lengths, 
of Lines. 
REEVESIA (named in compliment to John Reeves, 
F.L.S., of Canton, a zealous botanist, and the introducer 
of one of the species). ORD. Sterculiacew. A genus con- 
sisting of two (?) species of greenhouse trees, natives of 
tropical and sub-tropical Eastern Asia, Flowers white, 
in terminal, corymbose panicles; calyx clavate-campanu- 
late, irregularly three to five-fid; petals clawed. Leaves 
entire, coriaceous. R. thyrsoidea, the only species intro- 
duced, is a very handsome tree, requiring treatment 
similar to that recommended for the greenhouse species 
of Sterculia (which see). 
- * w or - 
R. thyrsoldon (hyrs foward) f, petals, white, cre 
pubescence. July. l.. alternate, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, 
—— entire, penninerved ; petioles slender, dilated —— 
(moe cultivation) 3ft. to 4ft. China, 1826. (B. M. 4199; 
B. R. 1236.) 
REFLEXED. Abruptly turned or bent backwards 
or downwards. : 
REFRACTED. Similar to Reflexed, but abruptly 
bent from the base. 
REGELIA (named after Dr. E. Regel, Superintendent 
of the Imperial Botanic Gardens at St. Petersburgh). 
ORD. Myrtacew. A genus comprising only three species 
of rigid, greenhouse shrubs, with the habit of Beaufortia, 
natives of Western Australia. Flowers closely sessile and 
solitary within each bract, in dense heads, at first ter- 
minal, but the central axis soon growing out into a 
leafy branch; calyx tube ovoid or nearly globular; lobes 
five, usually deciduous; petals five, spreading; stamens 
indefinite, united in five bundles opposite the petals. 
Leaves small, opposite, mostly three or more nerved. 
R. ciliata is the only species yet introduced. For 
culture, see Beaufortia. . —— 
ciliata Thad red, in small, dense, heads; 
"E — bigearte or hairy. l erect, — or 
recurved, broadly ovate, obovate, or almost orbicular, —J— 
flat or concave, F — three or rarely five-nerved, E 
to łin. long. A. to 5ft. 1874. A spreading, more or less 
pubescent or hairy shrub. (B. M. 6100.) £ 
REGELIA (of Lemaire). A synonym of Karatas 
(which see). 
REGELIA. A garden synonym of Verschaffeltia 
(which see). 
REGULAR. Uniform and symmetrical in shape of 
structure. 
REHMANNIA (named in honour of Joseph Reh- 
mann, a physician of St. Petersburgh, 1779-1831). ORD. 
_ Scrophularinee, A genus comprising only a couple of 
species of hardy, rennial herbs, natives of China and 
Japan. — — large, in the axils of the bracts 
or floral leaves, declinate. or pendulous, disposed in ter- 
minal racemes; calyx ovoid-campanulate, five-fid at- 
apex; corolla dark purplish or pale, intensely coloured 
at the throat; limb oblique, sub-bilabiate, with spread- ` 
ing lips. Leaves alternate, obovate or oblong, 4 
