290 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, : 
Bhipsalis—continued. 
gravel or brick rubbish, after having been dried at the 
base for a few days. f 
R. brachiata (forked) A synonym of R. Saglionis. 
Cassytha (Cassytha).* A. abundant on the sides of the 
branchlets, often crowded ; calyx teeth five or six ; petals five 
or six, greenish-white ; stamens twelve to fourteen. September. 
fr., berry waxy-white, like that of the Mistletoe. Stems slender, 
terete, firm, branched, in dense whorls, the branches again 
branched ; joints rare, except at the branching. h. lft. Tropics, 
&c., 1758. (B. M. 3080.) 
R. communis (common). fl. rose, white ; crenæ furnished with 
an ovate acute scale and numerous white hairs. Summer to 
December. Plant articulated, erect, sub-radicant, pale — 
triangular; ribs much compressed, repandly crenated. il 
1836. (B. M. 3763, under name of Lepismiwm commune.) 
R. crispata (curled). M. white, minute, scarcely odorous ; petals 
six, ovate, reflexed ; stamens numerous, mber. fr., berry 
white, globose. Plant sub-erect, articulated ; branches orbicular 
or oblong, sub-petiolate, yolowan-grom, almost membranous, 
deeply crenate, the margins slightly curled. A. lft. Native 
place unknown. 
fasciculata (cluster-branched). A. similar to those of R. Cas- 
sytha, but smaller; petals five, dirty-yellow. fr., berry white, 
crowned with the remains of the corolla. Plant creeping, 
branched ; branches fascicled, green, terete, ve —— setose ; 
— ones spirally sub-angular; areole shehitly clustered. 
razil. (B. M. 3079.) 
R. funalis (cord-like). . white, very copious, ten lines in dia- 
meter, inodorous ; petals seven or magy ; stamens very numerous; 
February to April. Trunk 2ft. to 3ft. high, at length woody ; 
branches long, terete, obtuse ; areolæ scattered, almost naked. 
Central America. See Fig. 365. SYN. R. grandiflora (B. M. 2740). 
R, grandifiora (large-flowered). A synonym of R. funatis. 
R. Houlletii (Houllet’s).* fl. straw-colour, copiously produced in 
the axils of the marginal teeth. Branches pendulous ; the arti- 
culations 3in. to 6in, long, elliptic-lanceolate, coarsely toothed, 
and of a glabrous-green, with a faint tinge of brownish-purple 
along the margins. Brazil, 1874. (B. M. 6089.) 
mesembryanthemoides (Mesembryanthemum-like). fl. 
white, in. across at the lateral joints; petals five, much-spread- 
ing. feed: Jr., berry white. Plant glomerately branched ; 
branches . to l0in, long, sub-erect, terete, bearing rooting 
joints ; lateral joints clustered, terete, attenuated at both ends ; 
fascicles of spines = white, dying off blackish, Tropical 
America, 1817, (B. M. 3078.) 
R. Log fagor tag f numerous upon the joints, 
solitary in each crenature ; calyx leaflets three, brownish ; petals 
the crenatures. 
alatus.) 
R. paradoxa (paradoxical). . yellow, white; crenæ remote, 
furnished with white hairs, and propped by leafy bracts. August 
to November. Plant diffusely sub-erect, sub-articulated ; joints 
- elongated, slender, three or four-sided; margins acute, crenu- 
lated, purple. Brazil, 1837. (B. M. 3755, under name of Lepis- 
mium Myosurus.) 
R. pendulifiora (pendulous-flowered). This is closely allied to 
R. Saglionis ; it differs in its pendulous habit, fastigiate and 
quite terete branches, and pendulous flowers with more obtuse 
petals. Tropical America, 1877. 
R. pentaptera (five-winged). /l. white, }in, across, very copious 
in the crenatures of the branches and on the upper part of the 
trunk ; — six or seven, biseriate. February and March. 
Plant sub-erect, 14ft. high, long-jointed, full green; main stem 
five or six-angled, with slender, slightly twisted, five-angled 
branches; areol# remote. Brazil. 
rhombea (diamond-branched). 
small, 
branches, sub-erect, articulated, diffuse; joints lin. to 3in. long, 
with | filiform wings, ovate- or lanceolate-rhomboid, highh 
glabrous, and shining, incised-crenate at the margins. Brazil. 
(Ref. B. 152.) 
jl. greenish-white, solitary, 
(Saglio’s). fl. greenish-yellow, rather large, ter- 
minal upon divaricate articulations, on the lower part of the 
4 Plant erect or nearly so; main stem 
cylindrical, bearing the few scattered flowering branches below, 
and above many horizontal branches, which are again divided, 
site, braohiate, and with more numerous and shorter 
Buenos Ayres. 
stem. 8in. to 10in. 
always o 
joints as they come nearer the ultimate divisions. 
SYN. R. brachiata (B. M. 4039). 
R. salicornoides (Glasswort-like).* jil. yellow, terminal, solitary 
tals numerous, thin, concave, 
lant trailing (young specimens 
or in pairs; corolla superior ; 
never opening wide, Spring. 
erect), proliferous ; branches very numerous, spreading, jointed ; 
joints club-shaped, rounded, tubercled, smooth, scarred, glaucous ; 
older stems grey. Brazil. (B. M. 2461; G. C. n. s., V. ) 
Stem terete or variously compressed, and, as well as the 
_ chokes,. French Beans, 
Rhipsalis—continued. 
R. sarmentacea (twiggy-stemmed). fl. white. Stem slender, 
creeping, rooting, slightly branched, obtuse-angled; areolæ 
clustered, minute, prickly, slightly tomentose ; prickles eight to 
— very slender, bristly, unequal, snow-white. Bonaria, 
R. Swartziana (Swartz’s). M. whitish, minute. June. fr., berry 
nearly black. Stem lft. to 2ft. high, simply branched, winged 
above ; summit resembling the branches. Branches 6in. to 12in. 
long, alternate, flat, oblong or oblong-linear, remotely crenate, 
tapering at the stipitate, jointed base. Jamaica, 1810. 
RHIZANTHOUS. 
apparently so. 
RHIZOBIINZ. A group of Aphides, which derive 
their name (meaning “ root-livers’’) from living under- 
ground upon roots of various plants. In this group 
all the species exhibit this habit; but so also do various © 
genera outside the Rhizobiine, strictly so-called, e.g., 
most species of Paracletus, Schizoneura, and Trama, 
and a few species of the genera Aphis, Phyllozera, 
Pemphigus, and Siphonophora. In all the above genera 
there are species more or less hurtful to garden plants, 
by feeding on their roots, and thereby weakening them ; 
and several of the species have been referred to the 
genus Rhizobius because of their mode of life—e.y., 
Trama radices, described by Westwood, under the name 
Rhizobius Helianthemi. A very large part of the root- 
feeding Aphides select roots of grasses; but they also 
feed largely on Lettuces (Pemphigus), Jerusalem Arti- 
and Scarlet Runners (Tychea 
Phaseoli, &c.). A curious circumstance connected with 
these insects is the relation that exists between them 
and certain species of ants, in whose nests they usually 
remain; in the nests they are carefully attended to 
by the ants. In the genus Rhizobius no winged forms 
are known, nor do honey-tubes exist. Owing to their 
mode of life, it is difficult to free plants when once 
attacked by these subterranean Aphides, Probably, the 
best means is to water them with a solution of gas- 
water or gas-lime, or of carbolic acid; or to make use 
of carbon disulphide, poured into holes in the soil near 
the roots. 
RHIZOBOLEZ:. Included under Ternstrimiacee. 
RHIZOBOLUS. A synonym of Caryocar. 
É l E . Literally, root-fruited; having 
a perennial root, but a stem which perishes annually. 
RHIZOGLOSSUM. Included under Ophioglossum. 
RHIZOID. Resembling a root. 
RHIZOME. “A rootstock; a stem of root-like ap- 
pearance, prostrate on or under ground, from which 
rootlets are sent off; the apex progressively sending up 
herbaceous stems or flowering stalk d often leaves” 
(Asa Gray). . —— 
Seen eoUs: Having the appearance of a 
TOO! 
RHIZOPHORA (from rhiza, a root, and phoreo, to 
bear; the branches emit roots freely, and these descend 
into the mud in which the tree grows). Mangrove. ORD. 
Rhizophoree. A genus comprising two (or four or five) 
species of stove trees, inhabiting tropical shores and 
mud swamps. _Flowers rather large, sessile or pedi- 
cellate, on axillary, bi- or trichotomously branched 
peduncles. Leaves opposite, petiolate, thickly coriaceous, 
ovate or elliptic, entire, glabrous. “In the economy of 
Nature, the Mangrove performs a most important part, © 
—— annually fresh portions of the land from the 
ominion of the ocean, and adding them to the domain 
of man. This is effected in a twofold manner: by the 
— * of their one ina by ‘the rikl 
germination of their seeds, whi i i 
OMKAR thay lave which do not quit their lofty 
ass d 
pes —— umed the form of actual trees, 
Flowering from the root, or 
water with their roots ready prepared 
