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314 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
ROOT-GRAFTING. See Grafting. 
ROOT-HAIRS. Attenuated, unicellular outgrowths, : 
or hairs, from the newly-formed parts of a root. 
ROOTLET. A very slender root, or branch of a root. 
ROOT OF SCARCITY. A name applied to the 
Mangel-Wurzel (Beta vulgaris macrorhiza). 
ROOT-PRUNING. See Pruning. 
ROOTSTOCK. See Rhizome. 
ROOT-SUCKERS. Shoots which proceed from the 
root of a plant, and afford, in many instances, a method 
of increase. See Propagation. 
ROPALA. A synonym of Roupala (which see). 
ROPE GRASS. See Restio. : 
ROSA (the old Latin name, from the Greek rhodon 
which again is taken from the Arabic ward, a rose). 
Rose. Including Lowea. ORD. Rosacew. An important 
genus of highly ornamental, mostly hardy, erect, sar- 
mentose, or tall climbing, glabrous, silky or glandular- 
pilose, usually prickly shrubs, dispersed over the whole 
temperate and sub-alpine regions of the 
hemisphere, rare in America, extending South as far 
as Abyssinia, the Hast Indian Peninsula, and Mexico. 
About 250 species have been enumerated, and more than 
180 described as such, but the number specifically dis- 
tinct is probably not more than thirty or forty. Flowers 
white, yellow, pink, or red, ample, showy, solitary or 
corymbose ; calyx ebracteolate, the tube globose, urceolate 
or ventricose, the throat constricted, the lobes five, very 
rarely four, spreading, leafy, often pinnatisect, deciduous 
or persistent, imbricated; petals five, very rarely four, 
spreading; stamens numerous, in many series, inserted on 
the disk, the filaments filiform; carpels: indefinite, rarely 
few, free; styles exserted; achenes numerous, included 
within the baccate tube of the calyx, which, in the fruiting 
state, is often edible. Leaves alternate, impari-pinnate, 
very rarely one-foliolate or consisting solely of connate, 
Fic. 383. Rose LEaF, showing Adnate Stipules. 
leafy stipules ; leaflets often serrated ; stipules sheathing 
at base, and adnate with the petioles (see Fig. 383). 
The enumeration of species described in this work is 
slightly modified from Mr. Baker’s admirable “ Classifica- 
tion of Garden Roses,” which appeared in the “ Gardeners’ 
Chronicle” of 1885. 
Analytical Key to the Groups. 
Leaves simple, exstipulate 1. SIMPLICIFOLIÆ. 
Leaves compound, stipulate. 
Styles forming a column, protruded 
beyond the disk ia ia ka 
Styles not united nor protruded be- 
yond the disk. : 
Stipules nearly free, deciduous .. p 
Stipules adnate above the-middle, | 
persistent .. ek ae * 
2. SYSTYLÆ. 
3. BANKSIAN®. 
DIACANTH.®.—Main prickles in pairs at the base of the leaves. , 
Fruit persistently pilose i 4. BRACTEATÆ. 
Fruit glabrous. . ee 5. CINNAMOME®, 
HETERACANTH &.—Prickles scattered, numerous, passing 
gradually into aciculi and sete. 
Leaves not rugose ; large prickles long ) f 
and slender 2 : 6. PIMPINELLIFOLLE. 
Leaves rugose, coriaceous 5 large } n 
prickles short and stout .. — T. CENTIFOLLR. 
Northern 
Rosa—continued. . 
HoMOECANTH&.—Prickles scattered, comparatively few, sub-equal. 
phage slender; leaves not glandular ) 8. VILLOSÆ. 
9. CANINA, 
10. RUBIGINOSÆ. 
ow i a be & — 
Prickles stout and hooked; leaves not 
glandular below .. A ie: i 
Leaves very glandular beneath .. 
GROUP I. SIMPLICIFOLLA. 
simplicifolia 
GROUP II. SYSTYLÆ. 
abyssinica 
moschata 
multiflora 
pheenicia 
repens 
sempervirens 
setigera 
stylosa 
Group HMI. BANKSIANA, 
Banksize 
Fortuneana 
microcarpa 
sinica 
GROUP IV. BRACTEATA. 
bracteata 
involucrata 
GROUP V. CINNAMOMEA. 
In some of these there are only the pairs of prickles at the base 
of the leaves ; but in several of the species there are few or many 
aciculi in addition. These latter form a connecting link between 
Groups V. and VI. 
anserinæfolia 
blanda 
carolina 
cinnamomea 
ppan hiya 
umilis 
microphylla 
nitida : 
nutkana 
pisocarpa 
rugosa 
sericea 
GROUP VI. PIMPINELLIFOLLA. 
GROUP VII. CENTIFOLIZ. 
centifolia 
na 
gallica — 
turbinata 
GROUP VIII. VILLOSÆ. 
Hackeliana 
mollis 
orientalis 
tomentosa 
GROUP IX. Canin. 
alba 
canina 
indica 
montana 
_ rubrifolia 
GROUP X. RUBIGINOS&. 
Throughout the vegetable kingdom, there is no genus 
which commands—and receives—so much attention from 
