326 ` THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Roscheria—continued. ; 
branching spadix in the axil of a leaf, with a long, compressed, 
glabrous peduncle. fr. black, elliptical, about jin. long. J. pale 
green, 3ft. to 5ft, long, 2ft. to 3ft. broad, entire when young, 
becoming unequally pinnate ; pinne 1ft. to 14ft. long, bifid at the 
apex, scaly below; petioles 1}ft. to 24ft. long, smooth, sub- 
triquetrous, grooved down the face with a pale band; sheaths 
1sft. to 24ft. long, with a few fine black spines rising from a com- 
pressed cushion. Stem 2in. to 3in. in diameter, with a ring of 
— below each leaf-scar when young. h. 15ft. to 25ft. Sey- 
chelles, 1871. Syn. Verschafeltia melanochetes (I. H. 1871, 54). 
ROSCOEA (named after William Roscoe, 1753-1831, 
the famous historian, and the founder of the Liverpool 
Botanic Garden). ORD. Scitaminee. A genus comprising 
half-a-dozen species of stove, perennial, Himalayan herbs, 
with thick, fleshy, fibrous rhizomes. Flowers purple, blue, 
or yellow, in a terminal, fascicled or spiked, sessile or 
pedunculate inflorescence; calyx long, tubular, two or 
three-toothed; corolla tube often elongated, shortly en- 
larged above; lobes three, the dorsal one erect, incurved 
and concave, the lateral ones spreading or recurved. 
Leaves narrow or sub-cordate-lanceolate ; sheaths long 
and loose, sometimes very large. R. purpurea, the species 
known to gardeners, thrives in light turfy loam, and may 
be readily increased by divisions. 
R. purpurea (purple-flowered). fl. full purple, arising from two 
or three elongated, sheathing bracts ; ok ake crack, fornicate, 
two lower ones linear-oblong, spreading ; lateral ones short, con- 
nate within the upper one; lip large, deflexed, obovate, deeply 
bilobed at apex. J. sessile, lanceolate, striated, very finely acumi- 
nated. Stem slender, leafy, about 10in. long, clothed with the 
striated sheaths of the leaves, Roots tuberous, fasciculately 
clustered. 1820. (B. M. 4630; B. R. 1840, 61; H. E. F. 144; 
L. B. C. 1404; S. E. B. 108.) 
ROSE. Se Rosa. : a 
ROSEA. Included under Iresine. 
ROSE ACACIA. A common name for Robinia hispida. 
ROSE, ALPINE. Se Rhododendron ferru- 
gineum and R. hirsutum. 
ROSE APPLE. A common name for Eugenia 
Jambos. 
ROSE BAY. See Epilobium angustifolium. 
The name is also given to Nerium Oleander., 
ROSE BEDEGUAR. Se Rose Galls. 
ROSE BOX. A common name for Cotoneaster. 
ROSE BRAND. 
Rosa. 
See remarks on Funai under 
ROSE BUG. A name occasionally given to beetles 
that frequent the flowers of Roses. In England, the name 
usually denotes the Rosechafer (which see). 
ROSE CAMPION. A common name for Agro- 
stemma and Lychnis (which see). f 
ROSECHAFER (Cetonia aurata). This-is one of 
the handsomest of English beetles, and is easily known 
FIG. 393. ROSECHAFER (Cetonia aurata). 
by its size (from jin. to nearly lin. long), and its colour, 
which is usually brilliant golden-green on the back, with 
Rosechafer—continued. 
wavy, white marks on the wing-cases near the tips, and 
three slightly raised lines on each. Sometimes, the colour 
is deep black above. The lower surface of the body is 
bright copper-coloured. The body is somewhat heavy in 
form (see Fig. 393). The Rosechafers take their com- 
mon name from the beetles being partial to the flowers 
of Roses, which they injure, to some extent, by gnawing 
the sexual organs. Their colour has also given rise to 
the name Green Rosechafer. The larve feed on dead 
wood; and the beetles, when emerged from the pupe, 
have usually to bore their way to the outer air. Hand- 
picking the beetles is the best remedy, since only in 
this state are they readily discovered. 
ROSE, CHRISTMAS. See Helleborus niger. 
ROSE ELDER. See Viburnum Opulus. 
ROSE GALLS. These are the work of several species 
of insects, mostly Oynipide of the genus Rhodites 
(which see). This genus, in Europe, includes six species, 
entirely confined to Rose-galls; and, in North America, 
it includes four species almost confined to them—only 
one (R. radicum) resorting to Raspberries and Brambles 
as well as to the Roses, on all of which it causes large, 
oblong swellings on the root. The insects are, in all 
cases, small, the European species being from in. to 
iin. long; but the species of Cynipidw require an adept 
in their study to recognise them, as they are much alike. 
Fic. 394. BEDEGUAR GALL. 
1, Gall, natural size, on Twig; 2, Gall in section; 3, Larva of 
Rhodites Rose, natural size ;' 4, Front part of Larva ; 5, Pupa ; 
6, Perfect Insect. The Figs. 4, 5, and 6 are magnified. 
_ The Galls on Roses formed by species of Rhodites 
in Europe are as follows: 1. Smooth round Galls, like 
small peas, on leaflets of Rosa canina and of R. rubiginosa 
(the Sweetbriar), formed by Rh. Eglanterie. 2. Similar 
Galls on leaves of Rosa centifolia (the Cabbage Rose), 
formed by R. centifoliw. 3. Round Galls, like small peas, 
but bearing a few long, straight spines, on leaves of 
several kinds of Roses, formed by R. rosarum. 4. Galls ` 
on leaves and branches of Rosa canina, formed by 
