AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 327 
Rose Galls—continued. 
R. Mayri. 5. Irregularly formed red Galls, usually in- 
the leaves, but often in other young parts of Rosa spino- 
sissima, less often on R. canina ; these are usually smooth, 
bright red, and thick-walled; and often two or more are 
joined together, so as to form irregular masses. 6. By 
far the most conspicuous Gall on Roses is that known 
as the Bedeguar. It may reach a size of 2in. in diameter. 
It varies a-good deal in form, though usually rounded ; 
but the surface is always covered with long, branched, 
mossy green or red hairs (see Fig. 394, 1). On cutting 
a Gall across (see Fig. 394, 2), the centre is found to 
be a mass of woody consistence, in which are numerous 
cells or spaces, each with a more or less distinct wall 
of its own. The outer cells can frequently be broken 
off from the mass. In each cell lives a white larva 
(see Fig. 394, 3), which in the cell becomes a pupa 
(Fig. 394, 5), and finally emerges as a four-winged fly 
(Fig. 394, 6), about lin. or iin. long, named R. Rose. 
The insects are black, with the legs mostly red-brown 
or dark brown; and the abdomen of the female is red- 
brown, with the end black. . Weather-beaten fragments 
of the Galls often remain attached to the twigs for two 
or three years. A small Midge (Cecidomyia Rose) galls the 
leaflets of various Roses, causing them to swell and 
become fleshy. None of these various Galls can be re- 
garded as really dangerous to cultivated Roses, and most 
of them, save those of R. centifoliw, are almost confined 
to wild Roses. Cutting off leaves and branches, as soon 
as the Galls appear on them, is quite a sufficient check 
to prevent their undue increase in any locality. 
ROSE; GUELDER. See Viburnum Opulus. 
ROSE, HOLLY. A common name for Heli- 
anthemum. 
ROSE; JAMAICA. A common name applied to 
Blakea trinervis and to Meriania. ` 
ROSE, JAPANESE. A common name for Camellia. 
ROSE, JUNO’S. A common name for Lilium can- 
didum. ; 
ROSELEAF SAWFLIES. See Rose Sawflies. 
ROSE, LENTEN. A common name applied to the 
species of Helleborus which blossom during Lent. 
ROSE MALLOW. A common name for various 
species of Hibiscus. 
ROSEMARY (Rosmarinus oficinalis). A well-known, 
hardy, evergreen shrub, grown in small quantities in almost 
every garden. The foliage is used for making what is 
called Rosemary tea, a decoction sometimes employed, 
amongst other purposes, for relieving headache. Rose- 
mary may be propagated by seeds, by cuttings, and by 
layers. Seeds may be sown upon a warm, sunny border. 
Cuttings, taken in summer, about 6in. long, and dibbled 
im a shady border, under a hand glass, will root, and be 
ready for transplanting into permanent quarters the fol- 
lowing autumn. Layering may readily be accomplished, 
in summer, by bringing some of the lower branches down, 
_and pegging them beneath a little sandy soil. Rosemary 
sueceeds best on a light, rather dry, soil and in a shel- 
tered situation, such as the base of a low wall with a 
south aspect. There are three varieties, namely, the 
Common or Green-leaved, the Silver-striped, and the 
Gold-striped. The two last-named are not quite so hardy 
as the common variety. . 
ROSEMARY, WILD. 
folia. 
ROSE OF JERICHO. 
statica Hierochuntina. 
ROSE PINE. See Sabbatia angularis. 
ROSE, ROCK. See Cistus. 
ROSE ROOT. See Sedum Rhodiola. 
See Andromeda poli- 
A common name for Ana- 
ROSE, SAGE. An old name for the genus Cistus. 
ROSE SAWFLIES. Among the most hurtful of — 
insect parasites of Rose-bushes are the Sawflies (Ten- 
thredinide) ; a considerable number feed as larve either 
in Rose-twigs or upon the leaflets. Some of these, so 
far as is known, are confined to Roses for their food, 
while others feed also on a variety of other plants. The 
fullest information on the British species is to be found 
in Mr. Cameron’s “Monograph of British Phytophagous 
Hymenoptera.” Not only are the descriptions in the 
work clear and definite, but the figures of larve and 
insects are a most efficient help in identifications. The 
pith-feeding larve belong to only a few species. Pæcilo- 
soma candidatum is one of the best known of these. 
It has been found near Oxford by Professor West- 
wood, but is rare. The perfect insect is about fin. long. 
It is black, covered with short pubescence, but certain 
spots on the head are clay-colour, and spots on the 
thorax and the edges of the abdominal rings are white. 
The dull white or yellowish larva bores into the pith 
during May and June, causing the leaves to wither. It 
becomes a pupa in the soil, after dropping from the 
branch. The dead branches should be cut off early, to 
destroy the larve in them. 
- The leaf-feeders on Roses among Sawflies are far more 
numerous than twig-feeders. Among those that devour 
the leaves, the most destructive species, probably, is 
Eriocampa Rose, a small insect, only about }in. to +in. 
long. It is shining black, with the knees and the feet 
of the front and middle legs white. The wings are 
smoky, darker at the base. The larve are known as 
Rose-slugs. They are sluggish in habit. The front seg- 
ments are swollen a little, and humped. The colour is 
pale yellowish-green, with a dark line down the back; 
the head is orange. The larve feed on the upper 
surface of the leaflets, gnawing away the upper skin, 
and destroying the leaves, which turn brown. The larval 
stage lasts about fourteen days or three weeks, and 
the full-grown larve reach a length of about fin. They 
go underground to form their cocoons. The females lay 
their eggs on the midribs of the leaves, in May. This 
insect is plentiful both in Europe and in America, in 
which country it was first described, being named Se- 
landria Rose by Harris. It is often very destructive to 
Rose-bushes in gardens. 
Watering the plants with infusion of hellebore, or 
powdering them with sulphur, as is done to destroy 
Mildew on Roses, are remedies for these troublesome 
larve. 
Blennocampa pusilla, a Sawfly a little larger than the 
last, is at times as hurtful; but the larve have the 
habit of turning down the sides of the leaflets, and live 
protected in these retreats. The leaves are sometimes 
much injured, and the bushes are evidently weakened by 
this treatment. The larve are short, stumpy, and green, 
with the head pale or brown. There are short, spiny 
hairs on the back. The skin of the sides of the body 
hangs down in folds. They become pups in cocoons in 
the soil, and in May and June Sawflies emerge of a 
shining black, with yellowish-white knees and feet on 
the front and middle legs, and grey-brown wings. This 
species is very common. 
—— cinctus is another common and hurtful 
species. It is a little over }in. long. Like the former, 
the Sawflies are shining black, except that in the female 
there is a white band nearly round the fifth segment of 
the abdomen; the hinder legs are partly white, the 
other four have the greater part of the shins and the 
feet reddish; the wings are clear. The eggs are’ laid 
on the lower surface of the leaflets. The larve feed on 
the edges of the leaflets, keeping the hinder part of the 
body curved over the latter, and, when at rest, they lie 
curled up in a ball on the lower surface of the leaflets. 
The body is stout, and tapers backwards. It is dark 
