328 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Rose Sawflies—continued. 
green above, with the sides light grey, and is sprinkled 
with small shining white tubercles; the legs are nearly 
white, and the head varies from yellow to brown. The 
larve, when full-fed, usually bore into the branches, and 
there become pupæ; but they form their cocoons some- 
times among dead leaves and other rubbish on the soil. 
E. melanarius and E. rufocinctus are nearly allied to 
the last, with similar habits, but are not so numerous 
as to call for a detailed description. 
Cladius pectinicornis is also .rather common upon 
Roses in gardens. The Sawflies are a little over jin. in 
length, and are shining black, with scattered fine grey 
hairs, and yellowish-white knees and feet, and faintly 
smoky wings, paler near the tips, with the veins near 
the base reddish. The larve lie flat on the lower sur- 
face of the leaflets, which they gnaw into holes between 
the larger leaf-veins. They are flattened, and taper 
from about the middle towards each end. On each 
segment are three rows of warts, each of which bears a 
long brown hair; the head is small. The body is deep 
green or yellowish-green. The cocoons are spun between 
dead leaves. There are two broods in the year, the 
autumn brood passing the winter as larve in the 
cocoons. 
Oladius Padi, a nearly allied insect, but only half as 
long, is often plentiful, and is destructive to Roses, as 
well as to Pear, Plum, Hawthorn, Birch, and various 
other trees and shrubs. Its larve also eat holes in the 
leaves. The cocoons are made in the soil. From two 
to four broods have been recorded in the year. 
The genus Hylotoma, which has three-jointed antennz, 
and the larve of which have twelve or fourteen claspers, 
or prolegs, includes several species that live, as larve, 
on Rose-leaves, viz., H. enodis, H. gracilicornis, H. pagana, 
H. Rose, &e. Of "these, the last-named species is the 
most destructive, and we shall therefore describe it as a 
type of the genus as regards habits of larve. H. Rose 
is about šin. or 2in. long, and is dull yellow, with black 
head and antenne and thorax; all the legs are yellow, 
save that their bases and rings round the feet are 
Fic. 395. LARVÆ OF ROSE-LEAF SAWFLY. 
black. The larve (see Fig. 395) are bluish-green, with 
yellow spots along each side of the middle line, and on 
the sides are black spots, bearing bristles. The head is 
black-brown. There are two broods, the insects appear- 
ing in May and June, and again in August and 
September. The females lay their eggs in slits in young 
branches. The larve hatch in a few days, and crawl 
on to the leaflets, which they gnaw from the edge in- 
wards. Fig. 395 shows two characteristic attitudes, that 
on the left being assumed if they are disturbed. They 
cast their skin about four times. When full-fed, they 
creep underground, and there spin cocoons and become 
pupe. 
Lyda inanita is the only other Sawfly which we 
shall mention specially as feeding on Rose-leaves. This 
Rose Sawflies—continued. 
insect is black, except a broad, dirty, yellow band 
lengthwise on the abdomen, yellow markings on head, 
antenn yellow at their base, and brick-red elsewhere, 
and legs straw-yellow. ‘The antenne are twenty-one- 
jointed. The larve are yellowish-green, with broken red 
lines on the sides, and a black spot on each side of the 
first body-ring. Each larva lives in a tubular sack, 
formed of fragments of Rose-leaves arranged spirally. 
When full-fed, it leaves its sack (then as much as 2in. 
long), hanging to the back of a leaf, and burrows under- 
ground, there to become a pupa, from which the Saw- 
fly emerges next year. 
Remedies. Most kinds of Sawfly larve can be shaken — 
off the bushes into vessels, or on to sheets, from which 
they can be swept up, to be destroyed; or the bushes 
may be sprinkled with flowers of sulphur, or watered with 
infusion of hellebore or of Paris green. Hand-picking 
is effectual only if the bushes are few, but is the best 
remedy for Lyda inanita and Blennocampa pusilla, which 
live concealed—not exposed, as do the others. It is 
advisable also to capture the Sawflies, either by using 
a sweeping-net, or shaking the insects off their favourite 
perches into some vessel or receptacle. This should be 
tried only in cloudy weather, as the insects are then 
quite sluggish, but take to flight readily’ in sunny 
weather. It has been found useful to grow flowering 
plants of Parsley among the Rose-bushes, as the insects 
congregate on the flowers, and can easily be taken upon 
them in the sweeping-net. The pupæ may be destroyed 
by removing and burning all loose, dead leaves, &c.; and 
by removing a few inches of surface-soil, in autumn, with 
the cocoons. In this way, both those that become pupæ 
in debris, and those that do so in the soil, are destroyed. 
ROSE SLUG. The popular name of the destructive 
larve of Rose Sawflies (which see), but more especially 
employed for the siug-like larva of Eriocampa Rose. 
ROSETTE MULLEIN. See Kamondia py- 
renaica, 
ROSE WILLOW. See Salix rubra Helix. 
ROSE, WIND. A common name ap- 
plied to Papaver Rheas and Remeria hy- 
brida. 
ROSEWOOD-TREE. A name applied 
to several species of Dalbergia, &c. 
ROSMARINUS (from ros, dew, and 
marinus, of the sea; referring to the habitat 
of the plant). Orp. Labiate. A monotypic 
genus. The species is a densely-branched 
and leafy, hardy shrub, employed in the 
manufacture of Hungary Water. For culture, 
&c., see Rosemary. 
R. officinalis (officinal).* Common Rosemary ; Old 
Man. fl. in short, axillary, few-flowered — 
approximating, opposite, sub-sessile ; calyx of 
purplish colour, ovoid - campan ulate, pilabiate ; 
corolla white or — binich-purple, the tube 
shortly exserted, the limb bilabiate. February. 
l. sessile, linear, entire, with revolute margins, canescent be- 
neath. h. 2ft. to 4ft. Mediterranean region, 1848. (S. F. G. 14.) 
ROSTELLARIA (of Nees). Included under Justicia. 
ROSTELLUM. A diminutive beak. A narrow ex- 
tension of the upper edge of the stigma of certain Orchids. 
ROSTRATE. Having a rostrum; terminating gradu- 
ally in a long, straight, hard point; e.g., the pod of a 
Radish. 
ROSTRUM. A beak-like extension. 
ROSULAR, ROSULATE. Collected in a rosette. 
ROTATE. Wheel-shaped; circular and horizontally 
spreading, very flat; eg., a gamopetalous corolla, with 
a very short tube and a spreading limb. 
