AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
331 
Rubus—continued. ; 
quantities of fruits in the hedgerows, which are sometimes 
gathered and made remunerative. 
R. arcticus (Arctic). fl. reddish ; sepals lanceolate, often shorter 
than the obovate, entire or emarginate petals. June. fr. amber- 
coloured, delicious. Z. trifoliolate; leaflets rhombic-ovate or 
obovate, coarsely and often doubly serrated, petiolulate. Stem 
low, herbaceous, unarmed. Arctic regions of both hemispheres. 
(B. M. 132; R. G- 314.) 
R. australis (Southern).* fl. pink or whitish, fragrant, very 
numerous, in branched, prickly, downy panicles, šin. to żin. in 
diameter. Early summer. „fr. numerous, yellowish, juicy, austere. 
l. very variable, ovate to lanceolate, or reduced to prickly mid- 
ribs, Jin. to 5in. long. Prickles scattered, recurved. New Zea- 
— A lofty climber, hardy against a wall or in a sheltered 
spo 
Fig. 396. INFLORESCENCE OF RUBUS FRUTICOSUS CÆSIUS. 
R. biflorus (two-flowered).* f. white, lin. to Zin. in diameter, 
one to three together on axillary, slender, drooping peduncles ; 
calyx pubescent. May. fr. golden-yellow, globose, fin. in 
diameter; drupes twenty to thirty. l., leaflets three or five, 
lin. to 14in. long, ovate, lobulate, doubly toothed, white and 
tomentose beneath, eer or hairy above. Stems and 
branches rambling, white with glaucous bloom ; prickles very 
strong, recurved. Himalayas, 1818. (B. M. 4678.) 
R. canadensis (Canadian). American Dewberry ; Low Black- 
berry. white, racemose, with leaf-like bracts. May. 
Jr. blackish, ovate or oblong, excellent, ripening earlier than 
that of R. villosus. l., leafiets three (or pedately five to seven), 
oval or ovate-lanceolate, mostly acute, thin, nearly smooth, 
sharply cut-serrated. Stems extensively trailing, slightly 
prickly. North America, 1811. 
R. Chamzemorus (ground Mulberry).* Clondberry: jl. white, 
lin. in diameter; sepals ual, villous; petals oblong. June 
-and July. jr. orange-yellow, żin. in diameter ; drupes few, large. 
l. few, sub-orbicular-cordate, obtusely five to seven-lobed, lin. to 
šin. in diameter, petiolate, crenate, wrinkled. Stem 4in. to 8in. 
high, erect, unarmed, simple, one-flowered, herbaceous or nearly 
so. Europe (Britain). (Sy. En. B. 440.) 
R. us (Hawthorn-leaved). M. white; axillary, — 
or terminal, sub-racemose ; sepals acuminate, mostly recurved ; 
tals clawed, obovate-spathulate, often retuse at apex. fr. rich 
F rk —— l. cordate, trifid, or more or less lo or toothed. 
ranches, 
tioles, and nerves of the leaves, armed with re- 
curved prickles. North China and Japan. (R. G. 591, 924.) 
R. cuneifolius (wedge-shape-leaved). Sand Blackberry. 
4. white; petals Inge peduncles two to four-flowered. May 
to July. jr. blackish, ovate or oblong, good-flavoured, ripening 
in August. l, leaflets three to five, cuneate-obovate, rather 
thick, serrated above. Stems upright, armed with stout, re- 
curved prickles. Branchlets and under side of leaves whitish- 
woolly. h. lft. to 3ft. North America, 1811. 
R. Dalibarda (Dalibarda). This is the correct name of the 
plant described in this work as Dalibarda repens. 
R. deliciosus (delicious).* fl. purple; sepals ovate-oblong, 
with a dilated — shorter the oval petals. May. 
and of delicious flavour. Zł. reniform-orbicular, 
R. fru 
fl. white or pink, in 
corymbose or elongated. July to 
; » September. 
reddish-purple. l. usually pinnately three to 
persistent, glabrous or pu $ ets 
five foliolate, sub- 
on long or short 
a 
Rubus—continued. 
petioles, obovate or rhomboid-obovate, coarsely and ir , I 
serrated or toothed, convex, dark green sboti pale an ohan 
glaucous beneath. Stem glabrous or bristly, prickly. Euroj 
(Britain), &c, Under this species, Mr. Baker classilies 
one sub-species. i 
R. f. cæsius (grey). Dewberry. fl., sepals a ressed, dense) 
tomentose all over the back. | fr., — tem inte —— 
l, leaflets usually three, green on both surfaces. Stem prostrate, 
glaucous. Prickles unequal, setaceous. See Fig. 
R. Idæus (Mount Ida). Raspberry. fl, white, —— ; calyx 
long-tipped ; cymes 4in. in diameter, few-flowered, Sane to 
August. fr., drupes many, red or yellow, hoary. J. ovate or 
elliptic, acuminate, Sin. to din. long, acutely and | dae abr ser- 
rated, white and hoary beneath. Stems 3ft. to 5ft. high, biennial, 
— prickly, pruinose. Europe (Britain). For culture, &c., 
R. laciniatus (torn).* jl. white or rose-coloured, in loose panicles ; 
calyx pe prickly, somewhat leafy, reflexed at apex; petals 
three-lobed at Apex. June to Pe sn, l, leaflets three to 
five, dissected and sharply serrated, puberulous beneath. Stems 
nearly terete, straggling. Prickles dilated at base. (W. D, B. 69.) 
R. lasiocarpus (woolly-fruited). A. deep pink, small; petals 
orbicular or broadly obovate ; corymbs sana, axillary and ter- 
minal, corymbose, May. /r. red or orange, small, globose, hoary. 
l. šin. to 10in. long; leaflets five to nine, ovate, elliptic, or ovate- 
lanceolate, lin. to 3in. long. acutely toothed or serrated, beneath 
usually hoary, the terminal one above lobulate. Branches 
cylindric, rambling. Prickles stout, variable. Himalayas. 
R. 1. pauciflorus (few-flowered). jl. small, puberulous, crowded 
in corymbs. A common Himalayan form, rous and ee 
except the under surface of the leaves. (B, R. 854, under name o: 
R. pauciflorus.) ; 
R. nutans (nodding). ÉE white, usually solitary, axillary, 1łin. 
broad, on stout peduncles ; calyx tube villous. June. fr. of few 
scarlet drupes. l., leaflets three, orbicular or sub-rhomboidal, 
ljin. to 3in. long and broad, obscurely lobed, acutely and doubly 
toothed, the lateral ones shortly petiolulate. Stem 1ft. to 2ft. 
Jong unarmed, from a woody rootstock. Himalayas, 1850. 
(B. M. 5023.) 
R. nutkanus (Nootka). fi. white, very large; sepals long-cuspi- 
date ; peduncles rather few-flowered. August, jr. red. l five- 
lobed ; lobes nearly equal, broad, coarsely and unequally toothed. 
Stems flexuous, hirsute. A. varying from lft. to 10ft. North 
America, 1826, (B. M. 3453; B. R. 1568; S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 83.) 
R. occidentalis (Western). Black Raspberry ; Thimbleberry ; 
Virginian . fl. white; petals small, erect, shorter 
than the s. May. fr. purplish-black (rarely whitish), 
hemispherical, ripening early in July. Z., leaflets three, rarely 
five, ovate, acute, coarsely and doubly serrated, white-downy 
beneath, the lateral ones somewhat stalked. Stems recurved, 
with hooked prickles. North America, 1696, 
R. odoratus (fragrant). Purple-flowering Raspberry. fl. purplish- 
rose, showy, 2in. broad ; calyx lobes tipped with a long, narrow 
appendage ; petals rounded ; ay ee many-flowered. June to 
August. jr. reddish, flat and broad. 1. three to five-lobed ; lobes 
pontea and minutely toothed, the middle one prolonged. Stem 
t. to 5ft. high, not prickly. North America, 1700. (B. M. 323.) 
R. parvifolius (small-leaved), fl. red, racemose ; calyx ents 
tomentose, ovate, short. A t and September. fr. red, — 
l trifoliolate ; leaflets clothed with white tomentum beneath. 
Stems terete, tomentose. h. lft. to 2ft. Japan, 1818. (B. R. 496.) 
R. phoenicolasius le-haired). fl. pale pink, in terminal 
raeemes ; calyx —— tae. in diameter ; petals minute, erect. 
Midsummer. (fr. scarlet, ovoid - oblong, Fn. long, of forty or 
more ellipsoid drupes. J, 5in. to Tin. long, pinnately trifoliolate 
‘or the uppermost ones simple ; leaflets crenate-serrated, white- 
tomentose beneath. Stem tall, sub-scandent. Japan, 1877. 
— covered with stiff, gland-tipped, red-purple hairs. (B. M. 
R. refiexus (reflexed). jl. white, racemose, axillary; sepals 
ovate, Da — the petals; racemes few-flowered, 
nearly sessile, reflexed. July and August. l. oblong-cordate, 
three to five-lobed, densely tomentose beneath ; terminal lobe 
elongated. Stems unarmed, straggling. Branches terete. China, 
1817. Greenhouse. (B. R. 461.) 
R. roszfolius (Rose-leaved). fl. white, jin. to lin. in diameter, 
solitary or in very loose panicles. August. fr. orange-red, 
obose or oblong, of innumerable, minute, glabrous drupes. 
., leaflets five to seven, ovate - lanceolate, acuminate, doubly 
incised-serrated, lin. to 2in. long, rarely more. Stems erect or 
inclined, with scattered, hooked prickles. Himalayas, 1811. 
Greenhouse. (F. d. S. 1714.) 
R. r, coronarius (crowned). /., petals numerous, much longer 
than the calyx. (B. M. 1783; G. C. n. s., xi. 77; L. B. C. 158.) 
spectabilis (showy).* Salmon Berry. fl. bright red, very 
7 e; sepals hairy ab base, much shorter than the petals; 
uncles solitary or in pairs, one or two-flowered. May. fr. 
red, ovoid, more than double the size of the common Rasp- 
berry, but inferior in flavour. J. nearly glabrous, trifoliolate ; 
leaflets ovate, acuminate, membranous, somewhat pinnatitid- 
twenty- 
