332 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Rubus—continued. 
incised, serrated, the lateral ones distant from the terminal 
one, often deeply two-lobed. Stem erect, 6ft. to 10ft. high, 
unarmed or with deciduous prickles. North America, 1827. 
(B. R. 1424; L. B. C. 1602. 
R. strigosus (hairy). American Wild Red Raspberry. fl. white, 
small; petals erect, as long as the sepals. June and July. 
Jr. light red, hemispherical, ripening all summer, “ tenderer than 
the garden or European Raspberry” (Asa Gray). l., leaflets three 
to five, oblong ovate, acute, cut-serrated, whitish-downy beneath, 
the lateral ones sessile. Stems biennial and woody, prickly, up- 
right. h. 3ft. North America. 
R. trifiorus (three-flowered). Dwarf Raspberry. jl. white, small ; 
sepals and petals often six or seven, the latter erect; peduncle one 
to three-flowered. June. fr. of few separate grains. Z. three (or 
pedately five) foliolate ; leaflets rhombic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 
acute at both ends, coarsely and doubly serrated, thin, smooth. 
Stems sacending, 6ft. to 12ft. high, or trailing, not prickly. North 
America, (H. F. B. A. i. 62 
R. villosus (hairy). American High Blackberry. fl. white, 
racemose, numerous; sepals much shorter than the obovate- 
oblong petals. May and June. fr. blackish, large, ripening in 
- Augustand September. Z., leaflets three (or pedately five), ovate, 
acute, unequally serrated, the terminal ones somewhat cordate, 
— stalked. Stems upright or reclining, armed with 
stout, curved prickles. h. lft. to 6ft. North America, 1777. 
RUCKIA (of Regel). A synonym of Rhodostachys 
(which see). 
RUDBECKIA (named in honour of Olaf Rudbee, 
Professor of Botany at Upsal). Cone Flower. Including 
Centrocarpha, Dracopis; Helichroa, Lepachys, Obeliscaria 
and Ratibida. ORD. Composite. A genus comprising 
about twenty-five species of greenhouse or hardy, slightly 
branched, perennial herbs, natives of North America. 
Flower-heads purplish, violet, or pale (sometimes with 
n 
Fic. 397. UPPER PORTION OF STEM OF RUDBECKIA PINNATA. 
the ray, and rarely the disk, yellow), large or mediocre, 
solitary or few, on long peduncles; involucre hemi- 
spherical, the bracts in two, three, or four series; re- 
ceptacle much elevated, conical or columnar; ray florets 
ligulate, spreading, often elongated, entire or with two 
or three short teeth at the apex; achenes glabrous. 
Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, entire, toothed, in- 
cised, or pinnatisect. The under-mentioned species are 
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Rudbeckia—continued. 
all hardy, and will thrive in any ordinary garden soil. 
Increased by divisions, or by seeds. R. maxima and _ 
R. speciosa are two of thé most attractive of hardy 
perennials for mixed borders and massing. 
Fic, 398. UPPER PORTION OF STEM OF RUDBECKIA PURPUREA. 
R. columnaris (columnar). fl.-heads, ray florets yell - 
times yellowish-red, elongated, Reneuaats, — os — 
September. J. pinnatisect; segments linear-lanceolate, acute, 
entire, the terminal one almost i 
(Bear 1601) ost equalling the rest. k. 3ft. 1811. 
R. fulgida (brilliant). fl.-heads, ray florets orange-yell bout 
twelve, equalling or exceeding the involucre ; di ak datk. 7 — 
the chaff nearly smooth. July. Z. spathulate-oblong or oao. 
late, partly stem-clasping, triple-nerved, the upper ones entire 
oo obtuse. A. lft. to 3ft. 1760. Plant hairy. (B. M. 1996.) 
_Srandifiora (large-flowered).* A.hedds fi 
* long, dependent; disk dak purple, ct — 
. petiolate, acute, attenuated at base, reticulate-veined ; lower 
ones ovate, crenate-toothed ; upper ones lanceolate, very scabrous, 
obsoletely crenate. Stem angular, branched. h. 3ift. 1830. 
(6. BF. G: ser. ii. 87, under name of Centrocarpha grandiflora.) 
* hirta (hairy). fl.-heads large, solitary ; ray florets yellow, about 
——— or less exceeding the involucre ; disk’ dull brown, 
the chaff hairy at the tip. June to August. J. nearly entire; 
upper ones oblong or lanceolate, sessile ; lower ones spathulate, 
gage Se agg : — — or branched near the base, 
ae ie g ; $ t very rough and _bristly-hairy. 
R, maxima (greatest).* f.-heads solita; 
florets pure yellow, 2in. long, drooping ; columnar, elon; 
August. Z. large, membranous, oval or oblong, slightly ed or 
—* Bip cron dh ents — — ones petiolate, the upper ones 
$ nes Bin. in. 4 i 
i ete long. Stem 4ft. to 9ft. high. 
R. Newmanii(Newman’s). A synonym of R, speciosa. 
- pallida (pale). This is th 
i this work as Echinacea —— me OF PA PE 
pinnata (pinnate-leaved).* f,-heads fi i 
large and drooping, much longer than ihe obie ——— — * 
e ap t, anisate odour when brui July. 7, alter- 
ee to seven, lanceolate, acute. h. 3ft. 
, on long peduncles ; Ke d 
nate, pinnate ; leatlets thr 
