338 THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
Ruyschia—continued. 
R. clusisefolia (Clusia-leaved). fl. purple; bracts scarlet, dotted 
with red, obovate, acute, thick, deflexed, concavo-convex ; racemes 
terminal, many-flowered, about 1ft. long ; peduncles short. June. 
l. alternate, obovate, thick, — 4in. long. h. 4ft. 
Guiana and the Caribbee Islands, 
RYANIA (named after John Ryan, M.D., F.R.S., a 
correspondent of Vahl). Syn. Patrisia. ORD. Bivinee. 
A genus comprising about half-a-dozen species of stove, 
stellately-pubescent trees, natives of tropical America, 
Flowers axillary, often showy, solitary or sub-fasciculate ; 
sepals five, lanceolate or oblong, imbricated, persistent ; 
petals absent; stamens indefinite Leaves entire, penni- 
nerved and transversely venulose, not dotted. R. speciosa, 
the only species introduced is a beautiful shrub. It 
thrives in a compost of peat and loam, and may be in- 
creased by ripened cuttings, inserted in sand, under a 
glass, in heat. 
R. speciosa (showy). 
fl. somewhat cream-coloured, large; 
uncles one-flowered. August. 
l. green on both surfaces, 
— stellate hairs on the ribs beneath. h, 10ft. West Indies, 
RYMANDRA. A synonym of Knightia (which 
see). 
BYSSOPTERYS (from ryssos, wrinkled, and pteri, 
a wing; alluding to the form of the wing of the fruit). 
Orv. Malpighiacee. A genus comprising about half-a- 
dozen species of slender, twining, stove or greenhouse 
shrubs, natives of the Indian Archipelago and Australia. 
Flowers whitish ; calyx five-parted; petals scarcely clawed ; 
stamens ten, all perfect; inflorescence terminal or falsely 
axillary, corymbiform ; pedicels thickened above. Samaras 
one to three, expanded into broad wings at the apex, 
which are laterally tubercled. Leaves opposite, or nearly 
so, entire, the margins gland-bearing beneath; petioles 
slender, biglandular at the apex; stipules rather large. 
P. microstema, the only species yet introduced, requires 
stove heat; it should be grown in a compost of fibry 
peat and sandy loam. Propagation may be effected by 
cuttings, inserted in sand, under a bell glass, in bottom | 
heat. 
R. microstema (small-anthered). /l., petals three or four times 
longer than the calyx ; anthers minute; inflorescence equalling, 
or slightly exceeding, the leaves. August. l. broadly ovate, 3in. 
to Sin. long, 2jin. to Jin. broad, somewhat cordate, mucronate, 
i sinuated on the margins, greyish-pubescent beneath. 
ava, 1920. 
RYTIDOLOMA. A synonym of Dictyanthus. 
RYTIGINIA. A synonym of Vangueria (which 
see). 
ILLA. A synonym of Schenocaulon 
(which see). >. .@ n fir oerder 
SABAL (said to be a native name in South America; 
but Adanson, who originated the genus, gives no expla- 
nation). Some of the species were formerly included 
under Chamerops and Oorypha. ORD. Palme. A 
genus embracing six species of dwarf, tall, or nearly 
stemless, stove, greenhouse, or half-hardy, unarmed 
palms, inhabiting tropical and sub-tropical America. 
Flowers white or greenish, small, glabrous; spathes 
tubular; spadices large, elongated, decompound, at first 
erect, with slender, decurved or pendulous branches and 
branchlets; bracts and bracteoles minute. Fruit black, 
small or mediocre. Leaves terminal, orbicular or cuneate 
at base, flabellately multifid; segments linear, bifid, in- 
duplicate in vernation; rachis short or elongated; petioles 
concave above, the margins acute and unarmed. The 
species, most of which are highly ornamental, succeed 
in a light loamy soil. A few suckers are sometimes 
emitted ; these should be taken off when about 1ft. long, 
and, if they have no roots, must at first be carefully 
nursed. Seeds, however, are by far the best means of 
propagation, 
Sabal—continued. ba ; 
S. Adansonii (Adanson’s).* Dwarf Palmetto. fl., petals united at 
the base; style thick; spadix erect, 3ft. to 6ft. high, smooth, 
slender. June and July. fr. black, lin. in diameter. l. circular 
in outline, glaucous, fan-shaped, slightly pinnatifid, 2ft. to 3ft. 
high ; divisions twenty to thirty, slightly cleft at apex, sparingly 
filamentous at the sinuses; petioles stout, concave, smooth- 
edged, shorter than the leaves. Trunk short, buried in the earth. 
Southern United States, 1810. Greenhouse or half - hardy. 
(B. M. 1434.) 
S. Blackburniana, (Blackburn’s).* Fan or Thatch Palm. fl., 
spadix rising from4he sinus of the leaf, spreading, 4ft. to oft. 
long, glabrous, alternately branched ; peduncle simple and com- 
pressed below. Z. twenty to thirty, forming a sub-globose tuft, 
cordate-sub-orbicular, 5ft. to 6ft. long; segments of adult leaves 
about eighty, ensiform, long-acuminate, more or less deeply bifid 
at apex, the lower ones connate about two-thirds, the upper ones 
one-third, their length; petioles arcuate-spreading, 6ft. to 8ft. 
long, very convex at back, the margins acute and unarmed. 
Trunk cylindrical, nearly lit. in diameter, slow-growing, at length 
20ft. to 25ft. high. Bermudas, 1825. This is admirably suited 
for a window plant when small, and for the sub-tropical garden 
in summer. SYN. S. wmbraculifera (of Martius). 
S. coerulescens (bluish). Z. (known only in the young state) 
elongated, linear-lanceolate, with a plicate surface and a bluish 
or pane tinge of green, which is most strongly marked on the 
under surface. West Indies (?), 1875. Greenhouse. 
S. mauritizeformis (Mauritia-like). Savana Palm. f., spadix 
exceeding the leaves, the branches paniculate. fr. black, about 
the size of a pea. l. 12ft. in diameter, sub-orbicular, glaucous 
beneath, multifid to the middle, with loose fibres between the 
bifid lobes; petioles 7ft. to 8ft. long. Trunk lft. to 1}ft. thick, 
little annulate, but reaching a height of 60ft. to 80ft. Venezuela, 
Trinidad, 1860, Stove. SYN. Trithrinax mauritieformis. 
S. Palmetto (Palmetto).* Cabbage Palmetto; Palmetto Palm. 
Sis paia slightly united at the base ; style thick ; spadix smooth 
and spreading, commonly shorter than the leaves, June. fr. 
black, four to five lines in diameter. Z. 5ft. to 8ft. long, cordate 
in outline, flabellately-pinnatifid, recurved at the summit, the 
base long-persistent ; divisions very numerous, deeply cleft, and 
with thread-like filaments at the sinuses ; petioles smooth. con- 
cave, mostly longer than the leaves. Trunk erect, 20ft. to 
40ft. high, simple, leafy at the summit. Southern United 
States, 1825. Greenhouse, Syn. Chamerops Palmetto, 
S. serrulata (serrulated). A synonym of Serenoa serrulata. 
S. umbraculiferd’ (aihbrella-bearing).* fl. whitish; petals 
equalling the stamefis ; spadix 4ft. to 5ft. long, with paniculate 
branches. fr. greenish-black, four to five lines in diameter. 
l 4m to 6im, in diameter, sub-orbicular, glaucescent, multifid 
to oné-third to two-thirds, with loose fibres between the bifid 
lobes ; petioles 6ft. to 8ft. long. Trunk at length 60ft. to 80ft. 
high. West Indies, 1825. Greenhouse. j 
S. umbraculifera (umbrella-bearing), of Martius. A synonym 
of S. Blackburniana. 
SABBATIA (dedicated to L. Sabbati, an Italian 
botanist, who published a “ Synopsis Plantarum,” in 1745). 
American Centaury. ORD. Gentianeæ. A genus com- 
prising thirteen species of hardy, annual or biennial, 
erect herbs, simple or paniculate above ; they are natives 
of North America and Cuba. Flowers white or rose- 
purple, handsome ; calyx five to ten-parted or cleft; corolla 
with a very short tube, rotate, with five to twelve ovate 
or narrow, twisted lobes ; stamens five to twelve; anthers 
soon recurved or revolute. Leaves opposite, sessile or 
stem-clasping. Sabbatias are very elegant plants when 
in blossom; those described below are well worth culti- 
vating in every collection. Seeds, as soon as ripe, should 
be sown thinly in pots, or on a shady border, in peaty 
soil; if the former plan is adopted, the pots should be 
placed in shallow pans of water, as the plants grow 
naturally in bogs and marshy places. All the species 
here given are- North American, and flower in summer. 
S. angular). ink. fl. ) > 
corel teas pike Taras vue, ine — yon Or 
greenish eye ; calyx lobes 4in. to Zin. long. l. ovate, somewhat 
acute, with a slightly cordate, clasping base. Stem erect, lft. 
to 2ft. high, pyramidally many-flowe: 1826. 
S. calycosa (large-calyxed).* /l., calyx lobes leafy, 3in. to lin. 
long, exceeding the almost white corolla; peduncles elongated, 
one-flowered. l. oblong or lanceolate-oblong, narrowed at base. 
Stem Sin. to 20in. high, diffusely forking. 1812. (B. M. 1600.) 
campestris (field-loving).* A., corolla rose-colour, five-parted, 
equalled by the lanceolate calyx segments. J. ovate, the lower 
ones obtuse, Stem tetragonal, dichotomously branched; branch- 
lets one-flowered. h. 1ft. 1855. (B. M.5015; R. G. iii. 73.) 
S. chloroides (Chlora-like). Jl., calyx lobes linear; corolla deep 
rose-coloured, rarely white, nine to twelye-parted, twice as long 
