AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 349 
Salvadora—continued. 
S. indica (Indian). A synonym of S. persica. 
S. persica (Persian). Kiknel Oil-plant. fl, white, pedicellate, 
scattered; panicles 2in. to 5in. long, often very compound, 
numerous in the upper axils. June. L ovate or oblong, obtuse, 
ljin. long, Arabia, India, &c., 1850, A small, glabrous tree. 
(B. F. S. 247, under name of S. Wightiana.) SYN. S. indica. 
SALVADORACE. A small natural order of 
glabrous or scarcely powdery, unarmed or spiny trees 
or shrubs, natives of tropical and sub-tropical, mostly 
Western Asia, Africa, and ‘the Mascarene. Islands. 
Flowers hermaphrodite or dicecious, regular, forming a 
trichotomously-paniculate inflorescence; calyx free, cam- 
panulate or ovoid, three or four-toothed or four-fid ; corolla 
gamopetalous and campannlate, or polypetalous, the 
lobes or petals four, imbricated in estivation; stamens 
four, alternating with the lobes or petals, the filaments 
filiform or dilated at base; anthers two-celled; panicles 
short, axillary, often reduced to dense, sessile fascicles. 
Berries fleshy or sub-drupaceous, indehiscent, usually 
one-seeded, Leaves opposite, entire. Salvadora persiva 
bears edible berries; the bark of the root contains acrid 
and vesicant properties, and that of the stem is a tonic. 
The order comprises three genera—Azima, Dobera, and 
Salvadora—and only eight or nine species. 
SALVIA (the old Latin name, used by Pliny, 
from salveo, to save or heal; indicative of the supposed 
medicinal qualities of some of the species). Sage. 
Including Sclarea. ORD. Labiate. A vast genus (nearly 
450 species have been described) of stove, greenhouse, 
or hardy, annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, sub- 
shrubs, or shrubs, of variable habit, broadly dispersed 
over the temperate and warmer regions of the globe. 
Flowers variable in colour, rarely yellow, mostly showy, 
sessile or shortly pedicellate; calyx ovoid, tubular, or 
campanulate, bilabiate, the upper lip entire or with 
three minute teeth, the lower one bifid; corolla ‘tube 
included or exserted, equal, swollen, or enlarged above, 
the limb bilabiate; upper lip erect, concave or arched, 
-entire or scarcely notched; lower one spreading, three- 
lobed, the middle lobe often notched or divided; 
perfect stamens two ; 
variously spicate, racemose, or paniculate, or rarely all 
axillary. Nutlets ovoid, triquetrous or slightly com- 
pressed, smooth. Leaves entire, toothed, incised, or 
pinnatisect; floral ones often changed into bracts; cauline 
ones rarely conformed. A large number of the species 
have been introduced ; a selection of the most desirable 
kinds is given below. Two species—S. pratensis and 
S. Verbenaca—are indigenous to Britam. S. officinalis 
is the well-known common Sage, much used in cooking. 
Salvias may readily be raised from seeds; when these can 
be obtained, they should be sown thinly, and placed in a 
little warmth. Cuttings of the tender species and 
varieties root very readily in heat, if they are quite soft, 
and in, a growing state. As greenhouse plants for 
autumn and winter-flowering, some of the Salvias are 
very showy and useful. Amongst them may be specially 
mentioned: S. azurea (var. grandiflora), 8. cacalefolia, 
S. involucrata (var. Bethellii), S. rutilans, 8. splendens 
(and its**variety Bruantii). For spring - flowering. 
S. boliviana, S. fulgens, and S. gesnereflora, are amongst 
the best. S. patens is one of the most distinct and 
beautiful of deep blue-flowered plants in cultivation, and 
is equally well suited for greenhouse decoration in sum- 
mer, or for planting in beds outside, to flower at the 
same season. Salvias like a rich soil, particularly when 
grown in pots; loam and manure, in about equal parts, 
is not too strong for them. The plants may be grown 
outside during summer, but they must be housed before 
frost appears, as they cannot withstand severe weather. 
Salvias are not well adapted for room decoration: under 
such treatment, their flowers very soon drop. The 
plants should be propagated, for all purposes, in spring 
and early summer; and, in most cases, it is advisable 
whorls two to many-flowered, 
S. azurea (azure-blue). fl., calyx oblong. 
Salvia—continued. a 
to raise some new ones each year. Except where other: 
wise stated, the species described below are hardy, 
herbaceous perennials. 
S. albo-czerulea (white and blue).* fl., calyx campanulate- 
tubular, | landular-pubescent ; corolla white, the lower lip 
intense indigo, lin. or more in length, showy; whorls four to 
many-flowered ; raceme simple, bin. to 12in. long. Summer, 
l. petiolate, oblong-lanceolate, long-acuminate, 4in. to bin. long, 
crenate-serrate, decurrent into the petioles, nearly glabrous 
above, softly pubescent beneath. Stems erect, . oft. 
Mexico, Greenhouse sub-shrub. (F. d. S. 1340; R. G. 221.) 
S. amarissima (very bitter). jl. blue; calyx pilose-hispid ; 
corolla nearly thrice as long as the calyx; whorls distinct, 
rather remote, about ten-flowered; racemes 3in. to bin. long, 
simple, dense-flowered. August. J. petiolate, ovate-cordate, 
crenate, lin. long, wrinkled above, e or canescent beneath. 
Stem erect, branched, 2ft. high, pilose-hispid. Mexico, 1803. 
Greenhouse perennial. (B. R. 347.) 
S. angustifolia (narrow-leaved), fl. very shortly pedicellate ; 
calyx lips half the length of the tube ; corolla blue, the lower lip 
as wide as long, the middle lobe emarginate or undulate; 
inflorescence twiggy, slender, of distant, few-flowered clusters. 
May. J. linear, 14in. to Sin. long, entire or obscurely denticulate, 
acute, somewhat petioled. h. oft. Mexico, 1816. Greenhouse 
perennial. (B. R. 1554; S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 219.) 
8. argentop (silvery). A., calyx sessile, eight to nine lines Jong ; 
corolla pinkish-white, showy, nearly three times as long as the 
calyx ; whorls six to ten-flowered, remote; panicle ample, but 
slightly branched. June. l, radical ones petiolate, lower cauline 
ones sessile, 6in. to 8in. long, cuneate at base, sinuate-lobed, 
erose, woolly, wrinkled, white-veined; floral ones very broad, 
acuminate, concave, persistent, pilose. Stem erect, villous. 
h. 3ft. Mediterranean region, 1759. Biennial. (S. F. G. i. 27.) 
S. asperata (rough).* A. white; calyx campanulate, hispid- 
ciliate ; corolla tube equalling the calyx, the hood faleate and 
compressed ; whorls distant, six to ten-flowered ; racemes slightly 
branched. July. l. petiolate, broadly sub-cordate-ovate, shortly 
acuminate, erose-crenate, much wrinkled, villous, scarcely canes- 
cent beneath; cauline ones broad, acuminate, mostly 
than the calyx. Stem Se and pilose. h. 2ft. 
Cashmere, 1854. (B. M. 4) 
S. aurea (golden). fl., calyx jin. long, campanulate, villous ; 
corolla of a beautiful golden-colour, thrice as lo as the calyx, 
the hood large, — falcate and Ea d whorls two- 
flowered, scarcely distinct; racemes dense, 2in. to 4in. long. 
July. @. sin. or scarcely lin. Jong, petiolate, somewhat ovate- 
rotundate, obtuse, entire or sinuate, hoary; floral ones sessile, 
villous, persistent. Branches hoary-tomentose. A. 3ft. or more. 
Cape of Good Hope, 1731. Greenhouse shrub, (B. M. 182.) 
S. austriaca (Austrian). t; calyx nearly }in. long, very villous ; 
corolla yellowish-white, thrice as long as the calyx, the tube 
slightly exserted, the upper lip falcate; whorls nearly six- 
flowered, the lower ones distant, the upper ones approximating ; 
_ racemes slightly branched. June. l, ical ones Jin. to 
long, petiolate, broadly ovate, entire or erose-toothed, 4 
rounded, or cuñeate at base, wrinkled above, pubescent beneath ; 
cauline ones one or two pairs, sessile Zin. long ; floral ones five, 
lines long, ovate, acuminate. Stem erect, 2ft. to 3ft. high, 
nearly simple. Austria, 1776. (B. R. 1019; J. F. A. 112.) 
— 
ng-camp , obscurely 
bilabiate ; corolla deep blue, sometimes varying to white, the 
lower lip sinuately three-lobed and emarginate ; pedicels short ; 
inflorescence spike-formed. August. l, lower ones lanceolate or 
oblong, obtuse, denticulate or serrate, tapering into a slight 
tiole; upper ones narrower, often linear, entire ; floral ones or 
racts subulate, somewhat persistent. h. 6ft. North 
1806. Plant glabrous or puberulous, (B. M. 1728.) 
S. a. grandiflora (large-flowered). Jl., calyx tomentulose- 
sericeous; inflorescence denser than in the type. Plant 
cinereous-puberulous. SYN. S. Pitcheri (F. M. n. s. 455; 
G. C. n. 8., XIV. 
S. Bethellii (Bethell’s). A garden variety of S. involucrata. 
S. bicolor (two-coloured).* Jl, calyx four to five lines long, 
Becraern tain with subulate-acuminate teeth; corolla thrice 
us long as the calyx, the upper lip bluish-violet, golden- 
dotted, the lower one whitish; whorls six-flowered, distinct ; 
racemes 1}ft. to 2ft. long, many-flowered. June. l., lower ones 
tiolate, ample, ovate, in -toothed, pinnatitid or palmately 
Ae middle ones petiolate, ovate-lanceolate; upper ones 
sessile; all cordate at base, and glutinous-pubescent. Stem 
thick, 2ft. to 3ft. high, scarcely branched. Barbary, 1793. A 
— and distinct, hardy biennial. (B. M. 1774; P. M. B. 
ix. 271.) 
Autumn. 
i slender, lin. to Sin. long. A. 4ft. 
ouse under-shrub, (B. M. 6714; F. d. S. 1148. 
