AN ENCYCLOPADIA | 
OF HORTICULTURE. 353 
Salvia—continued. 
broad, acuminate, concave. Stem erect, 2ft. to 3ft. high viscous, 
villous, South Europe, 1562. (S. F. G. 25; B. M. 2520, under 
— of S. bracteata; B. R. 1003, under name ofS. Sims- 
iana. ; 
S. splendens (splendid).* A. calyx coloured, campanulate, with 
three broadly ovate teeth; corolla scarlet, 2in. to 2łin. long, 
glabrous, the tube exserted and slightly enlarged, the lower lip 
shortened ; whorls two-flowered. December. T petiolate, ovate, 
acuminate, crenate-serrate, cuneate, rounded, or sub-cordate at 
base, glabrous ; floral ones ovate, acuminate, coloured, deciduous. 
Branches glabrous. h. 3ft. Brazil, 1822. A very pretty, green- 
house shrub. (B. R. 687; L. B. C. 1089; I. H. 1881, 432 
name of S. brasiliensis.) SYN. S. colorans (of gardens). 
S. s. Bruantii (Bruant’s).* f. of a brighter scarlet than in the 
type. Habit dwarfer. 1881. A handsome garden variety. 
(F. M. 447; G. C. n. s., xiv. p. 781.) 
S. strictiflora (erect-flowered). fl., calyx tubular, pubescent ; 
corolla golden-scarlet, lin. long, the tube elongated and in- 
curved, the lip sub-equal, scarcely spreading; whorls two- 
flowered, secund; racemes upwards of lft. long. December. 
l. petiolate, ovate, acute, lin. to 2in. long, pale green, crenate- 
serrate, cordate at base, rather thick, slightly fleshy, nearly 
glabrous ; floral ones glume-like, deciduous. Branches shortly 
t tose-pub ee Ae Peru, 1831. Stove shrub. . M. 
3135; P. M. B. 247.) 
S, taraxacifolia (Dandelion-leaved). jl. very shortly pedicel- 
late; — żin. long, the lobes subulate-aristate; corolla paxa 
pink, with a yellowish disk to the lower lip, and a purple-speckled, 
pilose ; whorls six to ten-flowered. July. zł. 2in. to 4in 
ong, pinnatisect, sessile or petiolate; lower lobes few or many ; 
terminal one lin. to 14in. long, ovate, obtuse or cuspidate, irre- 
gularly sinuate-toothed; all snowy-tomentose beneath; floral 
ones sessile, ovate-aristate. Stems numerous, ascending, at 
ot), erect, 6in. to 18in. high. Great Atlas, 1872. (B. M. 
, under 
— tiolate, ovate. 
late. att Mexico. Half-hardy shrub. (F. d. S. 1237; I. H. 
J 
S. tubifera (tube-bearing). fl. sub-sessile; calyx tubular, with 
Stem 2ft. or more long, 
. 
S. Verbenaca (Vervain-like). Vervain Sage; Wild Clary, &c. 
fl., calyx campanulate, the upper lip having minute, spinescent 
teeth ; corolla blue-purple, sin. long, the upper lip short and 
compressed ; whorls six-flowered, in long, bracteate spikes. June 
to Se ber. l. 2in. to 4in. long, wrinkled; radical ones pe- 
tiol oblong, obtuse, irregularly crenate or serrate; upper 
cauline ones ile, oblong ,or deltoid-ovate. Stem leafy, 
erect, lft. to 2ft. high. 
(Sy. En. B. 1056.) . 
S. V. clandestina (clandestine). fl., upper calyx teeth less 
spiny than in the species; corolla more purple, longer, the 
upper lip longer arched. ¿. narrower. Jersey and Guernsey. 
Plant smaller and more slender than the type. (S. F. G. 24; 
Sy. En. B. 1057.) > 
SALVINIA (named in honour of Antonio Maria 
Salvini, a Professor at Florence in the seventeenth cen- 
tury). ORD. Salviniew. A small genus (all the supposed 
species are reducible to one) of plants found floating 
on still water (like Lemna), broadly dispersed over the 
Northern hemisphere, and in tropical and South America, 
“This pretty little floating aquatic, which, like Azolla, is 
suitable for a stove, greenhouse, or indoor aquarium, is 
easily managed in the summer time, simply requiring to 
be let alone or have its water changed, if necessary ; but 
in the winter is often lost through a want of knowledge of 
its life-history. The mature plant floats on the water, 
and has no true roots, though the row of divided leaves on 
the under side of the stem look like roots at first sight, 
and assume their functions. Among these the spore 
capsules are developed, and from them the plant must 
be grown annually, as the old plants die in the winter. 
. The best way to preserve the spores is to half fill a 
broad pan with sandy loam, and then fill up with water; 
when the water has cleared, place a number of plants 
* upon it, and stand the pan by in a cool greenhouse. In 
- Vol. II. 
(which see). 
urope (Britain). Hardy perennial. 
Salvinia—continued. 
the winter, the plants will all die, but the spores will 
remain in the loam, which must not be thrown away or 
allowed to dry, and the next spring they will reproduce 
the plant” (N. E. Brown). 
S. natans (floating). fr. isti i 
of a double — 5 ——— ji —* 
like, sub-elliptic, entire, floating, not curled up when young. 
Rhizome floating, thread-like, leafy above, and furnished below 
with long rootlets and fruit on short, leafless branches. The 
young plant closely resembles a young Selaginella, apart from 
the two cotyledon-like processes, 
SALVINIEZ. A small natural order of annual, 
floating herbs, not attached to the soil, resembling large 
Lemnz (Salvinia) or a Jungermannia (Azolla), with no 
true stem. Salvinia is met with throughout the Northern 
hemisphere, as well as in tropical and South America; 
and Azolla, the only other genus, inhabits Asia, Africa, 
Australia, and America from Canada to the Straits of 
Magellan. Fronds with margins reflexed before expan- 
sion, usually claret-coloured on the under surface, some- 
times composed of cellular tissue, without nerves and 
stomata (Salvinia); sometimes with a stomatiferous epi- 
dermis (Azolla), rounded or lobed, sessile or sub-sessile, 
alternate or distichous, imbricated. Reproductive organs 
of two kinds, similar to those of Marsileacee, inserted at 
the base of the fronds. The order embraces about 
eighteen species. 
(of Swartz). A synonym of Myrsine 
. An indehiscent fruit, producing. .a wing 
SAMARA 
from its back or end; e.g., the fruit of the Maple. 
SAMAROID. Resembling a Samara. 
SAMBUCUS (the old Latin name used by Pliny, 
and derived from sambuke, an ancient musical instru- 
ment, supposed to have been made ‘of Elder-wood). 
Elder. Syn. Tripetalus. ORD. Caprifoliacee. A genus 
comprising ten or twelve species of mostly hardy trees, 
sub-shrubs, or shrubs, rarely perennial herbs; they are ` 
dispersed over all temperate regions (South Africa ex- — 
cepted) and tropical mountains. Flowers white, yellow, 
or pinkish, small, with articulated pedicels, disposed in 
umbelliform corymbs or dense-flowered thyrses; calyx 
tube ovoid or turbinate, the limb equally three to five- 
lobed or toothed; corolla rotate or rotate-campanulate, 
equally three to five-parted, the lobes imbricated or 
rarely valvate; stamens five. Drupes baccate, containing 
three to five one-seeded stones. Leaves opposite, impari- 
pinnate; leaflets Serrated or laciniated, naked at base, 
glandular or augmented by a stipuliform leaflet. 
Branches rather thick. Two species, S. Hbulus and 
S. nigra, are indigenous to Britain. The berries of the 
latter are largely employed in the manufacture of Elder- 
berry wine. Various kinds of medicine, cosmetics, &c., 
are obtainable from several of the species. Speaking of 
the common Elder, Evelyn remarks: “If the medicinal 
properties of the leaves, bark, berries, &c., were thoroughly 
known, I cannot tell what our countryman could ail for 
which he might not fetch a remedy from every hedge, 
either for sickness or wound.” The species in cultivation 
are described below. They are all hardy, and are of 
very simple culture, thriving in almost any soil or 
situation. Propagation may be effected, in the case of 
the herbaceous species, by division; the shrubby kinds 
increase readily from cuttings. The common Elder fruits 
abundantly, if the soil be kept somewhat moist; its 
position should be an open one, fully exposed to 
light and air. A plantation or hedge may be readily 
formed by cuttings of this species, where the soil is 
tolerably moist. The Golden Elder (S. nigra aurea) 
js a fine ornamental plant for shrubberies, or for use in 
sub-tropical gardening. If the young shoots are regularly 
pinched at their points, the plants may be kept dwarf 
and of a fine golden colour all the summer. 3 i a 
Z 
