y 
354 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Sambucus—continued. 
S. canadensis (Canadian). A. white, almost scentless ; cymes 
of five main branches. July and August. jr. deep bluish-black. 
l. pinnate or sub-pinnate; leaflets about nine, oblong, oval, 
stiffish, acuminate, more or less — beneath, sometimes 
appendiculated at the base. 2. 4ft. to 6ft. Canada to Carolina, 
1761. Shrub. (B. M. Pl. 138.) - 
S. Ebulus (Ebulus). Dane’s Blood; Dane Weed; Danewort ; 
Deadwort ; Dwarf Elder, &c. fl. white, tipped with pink, 
broadly campanulate ; cymes 3in. to 4in. in diameter, three- 
rayed, corymbose, compact. July and August. jr. black, small, 
obose. l., leaflets four to six pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 4in. to 
in. long, serrated ; stipules leafy, serrated. Stems 2ft. to 4ft. 
high, many, stout, ribbed and grooved. aa (Britain), North 
Africa. Herbaceous perennial. (Sy. En. B. 638.) 
Fig. 412. PORTION OF INFLORESCENCE OF SAMBUCUS NIGRA. 
S. nigra (black).* Boon-tree ; Bur-tree ; Common Elder, fl. white, 
rotate, jin. in diameter; cymes 4in. to 6in. in diameter, flat- 
wpe, tive-rayed. June. fr. black, rarely green, small, globose. 
eaflets two to four pairs, lin. to 3in. long, ovate, oblong, or 
ceolate, rarely orbicular, serrated ; stipules small or absent. 
Trunk often as thick as the thigh; branchlets angular. h. 25ft. 
Europe (Britain), North Africa. Tree. See Fig. 412. (B. M. Pl. 
137; Sy. En, B. 637.) 
S. n. aurea (golden).* 
golden leaves. 
S. n. laciniata (torn).* Parsley-leaved Elder. l., leaflets cut into 
fine segments. A handsome form. 
S. n. monstrosa (monstrous). fi. five to fifteen-parted ; stigmas 
five to twelve. fr. irregular. Branches striped. — 
S. n. rotundifolia (round-leaved). M. in few-flowered corymbs. 
l. trifoliolate ; leaflets petiolate, roundish, serrated. 
Other forms of S. nigra are: foliis argenteis and foliis luteis, 
leaves variegated with white and yellow respectively ; leucocarpa, 
fruit white; virescens fruit yellowish-green. 
S. pubens (downy). /l. whitish, in a thyrsoid panicle. April and 
May. fr. red. J. pinnate; leaflets five, membranous, ovate- 
lanceolate or oblong, acuminated, serrated, pubescent, but 
chiefly on the under side. A, 6ft. to 12ft. North America, 1812. 
A large shrub or low tree. 
S. racemosa (racemose-flowered).* Hart’s Elder ; Scarlet-berried 
Elder. fl. white; panicle ovate. April and May. fr. scarlet. 
l. pinnate, pale green, large, rather smooth ; leaflets five, mem- 
branous, oblong, acuminated, serrated, unequal at the base; 
etioles glabrous. A. 10ft. to 20ft. South Europe and Siberia, 
1596. A low tree or large shrub. (F. D. 2951.) The form laciniata 
has jagged leaflets. plumosa has deeply pinnatifid leaflets, 
SAMBUL PLANT. A common name for Ferula 
Sumbul. i 
SAMOLUS (an old name which Pliny ascribes to 
the Druids, and which is thought by Sprengel to refer 
to S. Valerandi). Brook-weed. ORD. Primulacew. A 
genus comprising about eight species of greenhouse 
or hardy herbs, sometimes shrubby at base. S. Valerandi 
is cosmopolitan, growing wild in Britain, and the rest 
are mostly found on the seashores of extra-tropical 
Southern regions. Flowers white, in terminal racemes 
or corymbs; calyx one-half superior, the limb five-fid ; 
corolla perigynous, nearly campanulate, five - parted; 
stamens five. Leaves alternate, the lower ones some- 
times rosulate, linear, oblong, or spathulate, entire. The 
species have no great ornamental value. One only calls 
to 
ty 
lan 
Golden Elder. A fine variety, with 
Samolus—continued. 
for description here. It thrives freely in ordinary soil, 
in a moist position; and may be increased by division. 
S. repens (creeping). M. pinkish-white, usually four to five lines 
across; corolla tube broad, as long as the ovate lobes. August. 
l., radical ones petiolate, ovate or oblong; cauline ones usually 
small, linear or oblong. Stems simple or branched, prostrate or 
erect, and 6in. to 12in. high. Australia, 1806. rdy peren- 
nial. (L. B. C. 435, under name of S. littoralis.) : 
SAMPHIRE (Crithmum maritimum). A native, 
hardy perennial, which grows naturally near the sea-coast, 
and is not very easily cultivated inland. The leaves are 
occasionally used in salads, and for seasoning. It requires, 
under cultivation, a warm position at the foot of a south 
wall, and an occasional dressing of sea-salt; protection 
must also be provided in winter. Propagation is effected 
by divisions or by seeds; the latter should be sown soon 
after they are ripe, in autumn. 
SAMYDA (from Samydo, the old Greek name used’ 
by Theophrastus for the Birch; in allusion to the re- 
semblance in habit). ORD. Samydaceæ. A small genus 
(two species) of stove, evergreen shrubs, natives of the 
West Indies. Flowers white, pink, or greenish, rather 
large, solitary or fascicled; calyx tube campanulate, 
coloured; lobes four to six, imbricated, unequal; petals 
absent ; stamens eight to'thirteen, the filaments connate 
in a tube. Leaves distichous, alternate, oblong, pellucid- 
dotted; stipules minute. The species are ornamental 
subjects; they thrive in a mixture of loam and peat. 
Propagated readily by cuttings, inserted in a pot of 
sand, under a hand glass, in slight heat. — 
S. glabrata (glabrous). fl. greenish-white, solitary or a few in 
the axil, sub-sessile or shortly stalked, campanulate, about Zin. 
long. July and August. J. oblong, entire or obsoletely serru- 
lated, glabrous, Sin. to 5in. long ; pellucid dots and lines distant. 
Branchlets pubescent. h. 5ft. to 12ft. 1800. Syn. S. spinulosa. 
S. serrulata (serrulated). f. white or red, sin. or more long, 
solitary or fascicled, campanulate, pubescent ; calyx lobes blunt. 
July. J. soft, oblong or elliptic, serrated, pointed or blunt, 
2in. to 4in. jong, pubescent or glabrous above, velvety beneath. 
h. 4ft. 1723. (B. M. 550, under name of S. rosea.) 
S. spinulosa (slightly spiny). A synonym of S. glabrata. 
SAMYDACEZ. A natural order of glabrous, pubes- 
cent, or tomentose trees or shrubs, broadly dispersed 
over tropical regions. Flowers regular, usually herm- 
aphrodite, inconspicuous, racemed, fascicled, or panicled ; 
calyx coriaceous, persistent, the tube usually free, the limb 
of three to Reven imbricate or valvate lobes; petals as 
many as the \calyx lobes, and similar, rarely more or 
wanting, imbricate in bud ; stamens definite or indefinite, 
in one or many series, usually alternating with staminodes, 
equidistant or collected in fascicles; filaments filiform or 
capillary, free or connate; anthers didymous or oblong; 
pedicels articulated and bibracteolate. Fruit indehiscent 
or capsular, one-celled, one or many-seeded, three to five- 
valved at the top and throughout its length. Leaves 
petiolate, simple, alternate and distichous, rarely opposite 
or whorled, sometimes pellucid-dotted, entire or serrated, 
the teeth sometimes gland-tipped; stipules small, usually 
deciduous, or absent, rarely leafy. The order comprises 
seventeen genera, and about 150 species. Examples: 
Abatia, Banara, Cascaria, Homalium, and Samyda. 
SANCHEZIA (named in honour of Josef Sanchez, 
Professor of Botany at Cadiz). Syn. Ancylogyne. ORD. 
Acanthaceew. A noble genus of stove, erect, perennial herbs 
or sub-shrubs, glabrous or loosely pilose above; there are 
about eight species, natives of Peru, Columbia, and Brazil. 
Flowers orange, reddish, or purple, sessile in the axils 
of the bracts, or shortly pedicellate and fascicled or 
rarely solitary; calyx deeply five-fid or five-parted ; corolla 
tube long, cylindrical or slightly swollen above the 
middle, limb of five rounded, spreading lobes; bracts some- 
times ample, in a cup-like fascicle, sometimes narrow or 
small; bracteoles resembling calyx segments. Leaves 
opposite, ample, entire or scarcely toothed. Two species — 
