a ae a 
AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 359 
Sapota—continued. 
S. Achras (Achras). Bully-tree ; Sapodilla or Sapotilla Plum. 
Al. whitish, rather large, pedicellate i in the axils: calyx segments 
six, in two distinct series; corolla broadly sub-urceolate, og 
lobed. May. jr. very luscious, resembling an apple in sha 
l. petiolate, clustered at the tips of the branches, 3in. to 4in 
long, elliptic-oblong, acute, glabrous; primary veins thick; 
poupla downy. Branches numerous, forming as mer, to 
to 50ft. West Indies and Central America, 1731 M 
3111, 3112.) The correct name of this tree is Achras P l 
SAPOTA (in part), of A. de Candolle, R. Brown, &c. 
Synonymous with Sideroxylon (which see). 
SAPOTACEÆ. A natural order of trees or shrubs, 
with milky juice, inhabiting tropical and sub-tropical 
regions. Flowers regular, hermaphrodite, or very rarely 
polygamous by abortion, not large, glomerate or fascicled 
at the nodes or in the axils, rarely solitary or fascicled ; 
calyx inferior, persistent or deciduous; corolla gamopeta- 
lous, the tube campanulate or urceolate, or rarely 
elongated, the limb equal, the lobes equalling in number, 
or twice or four times as; many as, the sepals; stamens 
affixed to the tube of the corolla, in one or two series, 
the filaments erect ; anthers two-celled; pedicels minutely 
bracteate or ebracteate, 
to many- celled. Leaves alternate, very rarely sub-opposite, 
coriaceous or rarely membranous, entire, penniveined, 
exstipulate, or rarely with small, caducous stipules. 
“Several species of this order are useful to man. The 
fruits of Lucuma mammosa (the Marmalade of the West 
Indies) are a very agreeable food, as are those of Achras 
Sapota and various species of Chrysophyllum, which 
are much sought after in the Antilles; those of Bassia 
and Imbricaria, Asiatic genera, are also edible... .. 
Other Sapotaceew, both Asiatic and African (Siderowvylon, 
Argania), are employed for building purposes, on account 
of the hardness of the wood, whence the name of Iron- 
wood” (Le Maoût and Decaisne). Dichopsis gutta, a 
Malayan tree, furnishes Gutta Percha. The order com- 
prises about two dozen genera, and 320 species. — : 
Chrysophyllum, Lucuma, Sideroxylon. 
SAPOTA, WHITE. A common name for — 
edulis.. 
SAPPAN-WOOD. A common name for Casalpinia 
Sappan. 
SAP WOOD. The new wood of an exogenous stem. 
SARACA (said to be from Sarac, the native American 
name of the plant). Syn. Jonesia. ORD. Leguminose. 
A genus consisting of four or five closely-related species 
of unarmed, stove trees (or tall, climbing shrubs ?), natives 
of tropical America. Flowers yellow, rose, or scarlet, 
racemose ; calyx segments four, petaloid, closely imbricated ; 
petals absent ; stamens three to nine, free ; racemes dis- ; 
posed in short, much -branched, often lateral panicles ; 
bracts smail, deciduous. Pods oblong or elongated, two- 
valved, Leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets coriaceous, 
often few-jugate ; stipules small, caducous. The best- 
known species are described below. For culture, see 
ownia. 
S. inclinata (curved downwards). fl, yellowish-orange, di: ed 
in fascicled panicles. Z. pinnate, with six to eight pairs of o ng 
leaftets, which —— when young, a beautif reddish tint. 
Java and Sumatra. A very elegant species, closely allied to 
aS. indica. ome 
S. indica (Indian). jl. very rich orange, with much-exserted, 
crimson — Summer. Z. 0 ite, te, abruptly 7 P 
three to five pairs of oblong, shining, firm 
(B. M. 3018, under name of Jonesia Asoca.) 
SARACHA (named in honour of Isidore Saracha, a | 
Benedictine monk, much attached to botany; he enriched 
the Royal Gardens at Madrid with many rare plants). 
Syns. Bellinia, Jaltomata. Orp. Solanacee. A genus 
consisting of about a dozen species of diffuse or sub-erect, 
greenhouse or hardy herbs, natives of Western America, 
from Bolivia to Mexico. Calyx broadly campanulate, 
shortly five-fid; corolla sub-rotate or very broadly cam- 
panulate, with, a deeply ar limb; stamens five ; 
Berry indehiscent, usually two ° 
Saracha—continued. 
peduncles short. Leaves entire or — hasio- ee 
toothed. The two species mentioned below are hardy — 
annuals, thriving in ordinary garden soil, Seeds should 
be sown in the open border, during spring. — 
S. stapelioides (S ia-like , wil reddish- 
brown, yellow- — * rotate, the Tate rum 
and apiculate ; peduncles axiliary, cok NT o r rarely twin, 
flowered. Summer. L stig — 
scarcely acuminate, ikan or sinuate-toothed, scattered, the lower 
ones solitary, the upper — twin. Stem erect, herbaceous or 
suffruticose at base, 1jft. 1865. Greenhouse. (R. G. 465.) 
S. umbellata (umbel. Sere fc ——— S asha 
white ; corolla plicate; umbels 
axillary, solitary. June and July. * pod a "wrinkled, entire, 
shining, acute, —— floral ones twin, A. 2ft. to 4ft 
1822, (S. B. F.G . 85.) 
SARCANTHUS (from sarz, sarkos, flesh, and anthos, 
a flower; referring to the substance of the flowers), 
ORD. Orchidew. A genus including about a score species 
of stove, epiphytal orchids, inhabiting the East Indies, 
South China, and the Malayan Archipelago. Flowers often 
yellowish-green, purplish within, small, shortly pedicellate ; 
sepals and petals free, sub-equal, spreading, slightly 
fleshy; lip affixed to the base of the column, spreading, 
spurred at base, the lateral lobes short, ear-like, or 
oblique, the middle one ovate, oblong, or lanceolate ; 
column oblong, sub-terete ; masses four; bracts _ 
small; peduncles lateral, often slender, simple or pani- — 
culately branched. Loaves distichous, coriaceous or 
fleshy, flat or terete. Stem leafy, not peeado-balbous, 
These plants should be grown in teak-baskets 
near the glass in a moist stove. They thrive best in 
peat fibre and sphagnum, with a few lumps of char- 
coal about their roots. The species best known in gardens 
are here described. 
S. arietinus (ram’s-head). nish, —* bs an ha 
medial lobe he triangular and fi owish, an — 
numerous. Z. straight, terete, as thick “A a — Assam, 1869. 
` A remarkably odd, stiff-looking plant. 
belophorus —— f. of —— colour, with 
—* reaped, gem rple-brown stripes nay! and 
lip, small, } i liguinte. equally bilobed, — A small 
pig nen — olden). fl. yellowish, havi disk of 
* sepals and —— h-purple, borne in hy 5 
l. broad, lorate, eae — Moulmein, 1869. 
S. erinaceus hedgehog-like). f. va, with a prettily rose- 
tinted lip, —— spiked pendent, axil io rachis red ted 
hairy, as are also the ovaries. eee. ———— 5630.) 
Syns. Aërides dasypogon, A. rubrum 
S. filiformis (thread-like). —— 
chocolate-coloured, reflexed ; fp bed tipped win ei Pink: 
raceme srn or eight- 
Popeia ——n— OF 
ellowish-brown, tipped 
outside emas reg i * Lamon — 
lip whitish-yellow, — ferian : 
afterwards yellow; a nee 
Ss. gp ci (spotted). — — — of Rhyne — 
Hincksianus (Hincks smaller ; sepals and petals green, 
with three equal, J paar ta ate lobes of blunt, and callus 
ith medium Other- 
and more 
— Polban, Vas but Ps more slender than 
neertain. 1878. 
: 
— this plant 
that ' species Native country ui 
S, laxus (loose). pem dirty-white, —— je mg sepals — 
blunt acute ; — ; lateral lacinia: 
of lip erect, ong, tobe tt pensos m aig om coho apiculate, 
hollowed wey — —— —— —— 
+ ew shor t, thick, , 
—— together onthe under * and with numerous 
Lendyanus borne in a * loose. nitle : 
* — Aih le dick yinteral lobes of 
with two e tne roundish, 
: with introrse 
—— — lobe white, ig | —* e pota, oblong ; spur as 
long a6 the purple ovary. l Saigon, 
— - toothed ellowish, streaked with — 
— See — 
pe z 
{ abbreviated, oblong-ligula te, toothed at India, 1872 A 
small and not partiak riy ornamental 
S. mirabilis (wonderful). j. "yellowish, with © purplish spr, 
