376 THE DICTIONARY 
OF GARDENING, 
Saxifraga—continued> 
S. umbrosa (shade-loving).* London Pride ; None-so-Pretty; St. 
- Patrick’s Cabbage, &c. fl: white, sometimes sprinkled with 
red, jin. in diameter, in a panicled cyme ; sepals reddish ; scape 
6in. to 12in. high, leafless. June and July. l petioled, orbicular 
or broadly ovate, coarsely crenate or toothed, rosulate, 4in. to 
2in. in diameter; petioles in. to lin. long. Ireland, in, and 
Portugal. A common plant in gardens. punctata and serrati- 
Jolia are varieties. : 
S. valdensis (Lyons).* fl. white, comparatively large, corymbose, 
borne on short, hairy peduncles, May and June. l. dense, 
short, flat at the base, but more or less triquetrous at the apex, 
the upper surface marked with irregular dots. A. 3in, Alps of 
Lyons, &c., 1871. 
i * 
AN ARENS 
eT == 
Fig. 437. SAXIFRAGA VIRGINIENSIS, showing Habit and detached 
Portion of Inflorescence. 
S. virginiensis (Virginian).* f. white; petals oblong, obtuse, 
twice as long as the erect calyx lobes; cyme clustered, at length 
open and loosely panicled. April to June. l. obovate or oval- 
spathulate, narrowed into broad petioles, rather thick, crenate- 
toothed. A. 4in. to Sin. North America, 1790. See Fig. 437. 
(B. M. 1664; L. B. C. 1699.) S.v. flore-pleno is a pretty garden: 
variety, with compact, double flowers, (R. G. 1092.) S. elongata 
is another form. 
= S. Wallacei (Wallace’s), of gardens. A synonym of S. Camposii. 
SAXIFRAGE. See Saxifraga. 
GEZ:. A natural order of trees, shrubs, 
or herbs, of variable habit, inhabiting temperate and 
frigid regions, rare in the tropics. Flowers hermaphro- 
dite, rarely unisexual or polygamo-dicecious ; calyx five- 
parted, rarely four to twelve-parted, free or adnate with 
the ovary, the lobes valvate or imbricated ; petals gene- 
rally four or five, rarely wanting, perigynous, rarely 
epigynous, very rarely hypogynous, often small, imbri- 
= cated or valvate; stamens as many, or- twice as many, 
as the petals, rarely indefinite, erect or spreading ; fila- 
ments free; anthers usually didynamous. Fruit capsular 
or baccate, rarely follicular, very rarely nut-like. The 
useful properties of Sazifragee are unimportant. The 
order is divided, by Bentham and Hooker, into six tribes : 
Cunoniew, Escalloniee, Francoew, Hydrangew, Ribesiee, 
and Sawxifragee proper. It embraces about seventy-five 
genera, and 540 species. Well-known examples are: 
Astilbe, Cunonia, Escallonia, Francoa, Hydrangea, Ribes, 
and Saxifraga. 
SAXIFRAGE, BURNET. See Pimpinella. 
SAXIFRAGE, GOLDEN. See Chrysosplenium. 
SAXIFRAGE, MEADOW. A popular name for 
Saxifraga granulata, the genus Seseli, and Silaus pra- 
tensis. 
SAXOFRIDERICIA (named in honour of Frederick 
Augustus, King of Saxony). ORD. Rapateacee. A genus 
comprising five species of robust, stove herbs, natives of 
Guiana and North Brazil. Flowers in sessile heads; 
Saxofridericia—continued. 
calyx tube hyaline, the lobes rigid, paleaceous; corolla 
tube hyaline, the lobes broad; involucral bracts two, 
membranous, readily parting; scape tall, often thickened 
under the head. Leaves radical, long, petiolate or ses- 
sile in a sheath. Only one species has yet been intro- 
duced. It thrives in a compost of loam and peat, and 
requires to be kept wet, as it is a marsh plant. Propa- 
gated by division. 
S. subcordata (sub-cordate). jl. densely brown-spotted, sessile, 
in semi-globose, mediocre heads ; spathe red, bivalved, at length 
Splitting. J. distichous, ancipitous at base, then petiolate, 
oblong, acuminate, sub-cordate at base, 6in. or more long; 
petioles spiny-edged, glabrous. h. lft. Amazon, 1873. (G. C. n. s., 
i. 275.) SYN. Rapatea pandanoides (I. H. xx. 153-154). ` 
SCAB. A disease of Potato tubers, due to the 
growth on them of a Fungus named Tubercinia scabies. 
It gives rise to brown, dry crusts or scabs. For an 
account of the disease, see Potato (Funai). 
SCABIOSA (from scabies, the itch, which disease 
the common species is said to cure). Pincushion Flower ; 
Seabious. Including Asterocephalus, Knautia, Ptero- 
cephalus, and Succisa. ORD. Dipsacee. A genus com- 
prising, according ito the authors of the “ Genera Plan- 
tarum,” not more than eighty distinct species of mostly 
hardy, annual or perennial herbs, sometimes more or 
less shrubby at base. Flower-heads blue, rose, purple, 
yellowish-white, or white, terminal; involucral bracts in 
one or two series; involucels two, four, or eight-ribbed ; 
calyx bristly ; corolla limb four or five-fid, sub-equal, or 
Fig. 438. INDIVIDUAL FLOWER OF SCABIOSA, 
often oblique or bilabiate (see Fig. 438); stamens four, 
very rarely two, all perfect. Leaves entire, toothed, 
lobed, or dissected. A great many species have been 
introduced, but the selection given below comprises the 
è 
best-known. Théy succeed in ordinary garden soil, and 
may be increased by seeds, also sometimes by division. 
8. atropurpurea and its varieties are most useful subjects” 
for cutting, and plants may be grown in pots for winter 
flowering with good effect. For this purpose seeds should 
be sown in June or July, and the plants, when large 
enough, potted off singly and grown in a cool frame. 
For flowering outside in summer, sow in March or early 
in April. S. caucasica is a very handsome border plant. 
The species described below are hardy perennials, except 
where otherwise indicated. 
S. ameena — .* fl.-heads lilac or rose; corollas radiant 
duncles elongated, villous under the heads. June and July. 
., radical ones obovate, toothed or lyrate, rather hairy ; cauline 
ones pinnatifid, with lanceolate, acute, nearly entire- lobes. 
h. 2ft. to 3ft. Russia, 1820. 
S. arvensis (field-loving). Egyptian or Gipsies’ Rose, &c. 
ji.-heads pale Niac or blue, lin. to 14in. in diameter, depressed ; 
corollas hairy, the inner redder ; peduncles long, stout. July to 
September. ł. variable, hairy; radical ones oblong-lanceolate, 
entire, serrated, or crenate; cauline ones toothed, lobed, or pin- 
natifid. Stem 2ft. to 5ft. high, stout, hairy. Europe (Britain), &c. 
(Sy. En. B. 679.) : 
S. atropurpurea (dark purple).* Mournful Widow; Sweet 
Scabious, &c. j.-heads normally deep crimson, very sweet- 
scented ; corollas radiant, a little longer than the involucre. 
July and August. Z., radical ones lanceolate -ovate, lyrate, 
coarsely -toothed; cauline ones pinnatipartite, with oblong, 
toothed or cut lobes. Stem branched. R. 2ft. to 3ft. South- 
western Europe, 1629. A very handsome, hardy annual. Under 
the name of Saudade, the flowers of this species are largely 
———— by the Portuguese, Brazilians, &c., for funeral wreaths, 
and similar purposes. See Fig. 439. (B. M. 247.) There are 
several desirable varieties : tore-pleno has double, purple or white 
