532 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
Symphytum —continued. 
cum (Taurian). fl. whitish ; calyx acutely lobed above 
ag operon Rate ma ke long as the calyx, with obtuse lobes 
and linear appendages. l. acute, slightly undulated ; lower ones 
alternate, petiolate, ovate - cordate; uppermost ones opposite, 
sessile. Stem branched. h. 3ft. Tauria, 1806. Plant pilose, 
hairy. (B. M. 1787.) 
Fia. 559. INFLORESCENCE OF SYMPHYTUM PEREGRINUM. 
S. tuberosum (tuberous-rooted),* f/i. ochreous. J. scarcely decur- 
rent; radical ones on long petioles. Stem lft. to 2ft. high. Root- 
Short, horizontal. Europe (Britain). This resembles 
S. officinale, but the flowers are smaller, and the radical leaves 
are on longer petioles. (J. F. A. 225; Sy. En. B. 1117.) 
SYMPIEZA (from sympiezo, to press; in reference 
to the stamens, which adhere to the corolla tube). 
ORD. Ericacee. A small genus (five species) of small, 
Heath-like, greenhouse shrubs, confined to South Africa. 
Flowers small, clustered in terminal heads, ebracteate or 
tribracteate ; calyx rather thick, complanate and bilabiate 
or tubular-campanulate and four-toothed; corolla marces- 
cent, oblique or curved, with a shortly-bifid limb, the 
lobes broad and connivent; stamens four, exserted. 
Leaves ternately whorled, small or minute, linear or 
elliptic, sulcate at back. S. capitellata, the only species 
introduced to our gardens, is a pretty little shrub, 
thriving in a compost of turfy peat and sand. It may 
_ be increased by young cuttings, inserted in sand, under 
a glass, 
S. capitellata (small-headed). ink, in sub-globose, droopin: 
; corolla thrice as long ase shanbly ellinted, com Pa me p 
bilobed calyx. July. l. linear-trigonal or erecto-incurv ; floral 
ones scarcely longer than the 
yx. A. 1sft. 1812. 
SYMPLOCARPUS (from symploke, connection, and 
karpos, fruit; alluding to the coalescence of the ovaries 
into a compound fruit). Syns. Ictodes, Spathyema. 
ORD. Aroidee (Aracew). A monotypic genus. The 
species is a large, robust, hardy, aquatic perennial, 
Symplocarpus—continued. 
having a similar foetid odour to that of the skunk. It 
succeeds in a marshy situation, preferring peat soil. 
Increased by divisions. 
. foetidus (fetid). Meadow or Skunk Cabbage, &. jl. all 
etre spathe roc and striped with purple and yellowish- 
green, ventricose or conchoid, curved at apex, thickly coriaceous, 
persistent; spadix violet, included, globular, short-stalked, 
entirely covered with thickly-crowded flowers; peduncle very 
short. May. J. lft. to 2ft. long, ample, ovate-cordate, acute, 
thickly coriaceous, with thick nerves; petioles short, robust, 
long aati g. Rootstock Sending. h. 1ft. America, 
North-eastern Asia, and Japan. (B. M. 3224.) Syn. Pothos 
Jætidus (B. M. 836). 
SYMPLOCOS (from symploke, a connection; the 
stamens are united at the base). Including Hopea. 
ORD. Styracee. A large genus (about 150 species) of 
stove or greenhouse, usually glabrous, rarely pubescent 
or villous, trees and shrubs, broadly dispersed over the 
warmer parts of Asia, Australia, and America. Calyx 
five-lobed, imbricated; corolla lobes or segments five 
and one-seriate, or six to ten and biseriate, free or 
more or less connate; stamens often numerous, many- 
seriate; racemes or spikes axillary, loose or dense, 
sometimes reduced to few-flowered fascicles or even to 
single flowers. Leaves alternate, coriaceous or mem- 
branous. The five species introduced thrive in a com- 
post of loam, peat, and sand. Propagation may be 
effected by cuttings, inserted in sand, under a glass 
(those of S. coccinea and S. Sumuntia in heat). 
S. coccinea (scarlet). £ red, axillary, solitary, sessile, lin. 
broad; corolla ten-lobed, wea A petals nearly connate at 
base. May. l elliptic-oblong, 3in. to 4in. long, acuminate, 
obtuse at base, crenulated, glabrous above, pilose beneath ; 
petioles sin. long. h. 10ft. Mexico, 1825. Stove tree. 
S. cratzegoides (Crategus-like). fl. white, small; panicles lin. 
to Sin. Tong, cymosely many-flowered. April. l. 2sin. by lin. to 
lżin., varying from lanceolate and acuminate to broadly obovate- 
elliptic and nearly obtuse, closely serrated towards the apex. 
h. 3ft. to 40ft. Himalaya and Japan, 1824. Greenhouse shrub or 
tree. 
S. japonica (Japanese). fl. pale yellow, sub-sessile ; racemes 
soen asn simple, shorter than the petioles, three to five-flowered. 
June, /. oblong- or obovate-elliptic, Zin. long, acute at both ends, 
glabrous, serrated; petioles 4in. long. h. 10ft, Japan, 1850. 
reenhouse tree. (S. Z. F. J. 24, under name of S. lucida.) 
S. sinica (Chinese). fl. white, fragrant; ra compound, 
terminal and axillary, as long as the leaves. May. J. elliptic, 
isin. to 2in. long, acute at both ends, serrated, and, as well as 
the branches and branchlets, pent h. 3ft. China, 1822. 
Greenhouse shrub. (B. R. 710.) 
8S. Sumuntia (Sumuntia). f. whitish, small, produced in short, 
few-flowered spikes. Summer. 1, narrowly elliptic, acute, serru- 
late, cuneate at base. Himalaya, 1883. An unattractive, stove 
shrub. (R. G. 1073, fig. c-g.) 
5. tinctoria (dyer’s). Horse Sugar; Sweet Leaf. fi. yellow, 
odorous, six to fourteen in sine ane bracted clusters. ap 
l. elongated-oblong, 3in. to 5in. long, acute, obscurely toothed, 
thickish, almost persistent, minutely pubescent and pale beneath. 
h. 3ft. South United States, 1780. Greenhouse shrub. The 
leaves are sweet, and are greedily eaten by cattle ; after drying, 
they are used for dyeing yellow. : 
SYMPODE, SYMPODIUM. “A stem made up 
of a series of superposed branches in a way to imitate 
a simple axis; a Sympodial stem” (Asa Gray). 
SYN. A term which, in Greek compounds, signifies 
union, adhesion, or growing together : e.g., Synantherous, 
stamens coalescent by their anthers; Synearpous, com- 
posed of two or more united carpels. 
SYNADENIUM (from syn, united, and aden, a 
gland; the glands of the involucre are united in a cup 
or disk). African Milk-bush. Orp. Euphorbiacee. A 
small genus (two or three species) of slightly fleshy, terete- 
branched, stove shrubs, natives of South and tropical 
East Africa. Flowers rather inconspicuous, in terminal, 
loosely corymbose, bi- or trichotomously-branched, cymes ; 
involucre campanulate, regular, five-lobed, five-glanded, 
seated on a flat-concave cupule; males (on separate 
cymes) from twenty to thirty in five fascicles; females 
