divisions. 
8 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
TAMONEA (of Aublet). Included under Miconia 
(which see). 
TAMUS (the old Latin name used by Pliny). Syn. 
Tamnus. ORD. Dioscoreacew. A small genus (two species) 
of greenhouse or hardy, tuberous-rooted twiners ; one is 
a native of the Canary Islands, and the other is broadly 
dispersed over Europe, North Africa, and temperate 
Asia. Flowers dicecious; racemes axillary; males often 
elongated, loose, the flowers disposed in small, few- 
flowered racemes, or solitary and pedicellate at the sides 
of the rachis; females very short, few-flowered, some- 
times reduced to a sessile fascicle. Berry sub-globose, 
succulent, indehiscent. Leaves alternate, cordate, entire 
or three-lobed. T. communis is the only species calling 
for description here. It thrives in any ordinary soil, and 
may be increased by divisions of the root; or by seeds, 
raised in a, cold frame. 
communis (common). Black Bryony; Lady’s Seal; Murrain 
Berries, &c. Ji. tin. in diameter; female racemes lin. shorter 
than the males, recurved, few-flowered. May and June. fr. 
red, oblong, jin. long. l. ovate-cordate, acuminate, 2in. to din. 
long, on long petioles, obscurely laterally lobed, five to seven- 
nerved, the tips bristly ; stipules reflexed. Stem many feet long, 
angular, branched. Rootstock ovoid, black, fleshy. Europe 
(Britain), &c. (Sy. En. B. 1508.) 
TAN, or TANNERS’ WASTE. This consists 
of the bark of various trees, chiefly the Oak, Larch, 
and Willow. The tannin is extracted for the purpose 
of tanning leather, and a large quantity of refuse 
remains to be disposed of. This refuse is frequently 
employed for making hotbeds, as it gives a steady heat 
for a considerable time, the heat being more easily regu- 
lated, and retained longer, than that obtained from 
pure stable-yard manure. In general, however, a mix- 
ture of manure and dead leaves is preferred to Tan, 
as, when it has lost its heat, and has to be replaced in 
the hotbed, this mixture forms a valuable manure for the 
soil; while Tanners’ Waste decays slowly, and is of little 
value as manure. Analysis shows that the nitrogenous 
matters of the fresh bark are almost entirely removed 
from it in the processes of extracting the tannin; while 
some of the tannin remains, and hinders decay of the 
refuse. Nearly half the weight of the Tan is water; 
and the ash, or mineral compounds in the Tan, consists 
very largely of Carbonate of Lime, and of Silica; the 
valuable Phosphates and Potash salts being present in it 
only in very small quantity. If employed as manure, 
Tan should be made up into a compost with earth, lime, 
and farmyard manure, and the whole should be saturated 
occasionally with liquid manure, and allowed to ferment 
for a considerable time before it is used. 
TANACETUM (said to be an altered form of 
Athanasia, from athanatos, immortal; in allusion to the 
persistent flowers). Tansy. ORD. Composite. A genus 
embracing about thirty species of mostly hardy, erect, 
often odorous, annual or perennial herbs, often suffri- 
tescent at base, natives of Enrope, North Africa, Central 
and Northern Asia, and North America. Flower-heads 
yellow, small or mediocre, corymbose, or rarely solitary 
and long - pedunculate, disk - formed; involucre hemi- 
spherical or campanulate, rarely ovoid, the bracts many- 
seriate ; receptacle flat or slightly convex, naked; achenes 
and florets often glandular. Leaves alternate, variously 
dissected, or rarely entire and toothed. The species 
are not possessed of much beauty. Those here described 
are perennials, thriving in ordinary soil. Propagated by 
T. Balsamita (Balsamita). Costmary. 
branched ; ray very small or absent. Autumn. Z. ellip- 
and regula Poetic deenets, the radical 
5 h. 
often sub-cordat 
uropean Syn. Balsamita vulgaris. 
T. elegans (elegant). A synonym of T. huronense. 
T. huronense (Lake ae ' o Benene golden-yellow, 
and apex, Sammer. i. bipinnate Sete y. olaa akari, rounded, entire 
-heads yellow, in | 
t. to 3ft. Orient (naturalised 
i 
twin or | 
at base 
Tanacetum—continued. 
or three-lobuled, the margins revolute, Stem erect, branched, 
and (as well as the young leaves) silvery-velvety. h. 1dft. 
North America. Syn. T. elegans (F. à. S. 1191). 
T, leucophyllum (white-leaved).* /l.-heads golden-yellow, corym- 
bose; involucre hemispherical, with imbricated bracts ; florets 
slightly exceeding the involucre ; peduncles solitary in the axils 
of the upper leaves. Summer. /. sessile or shortly petiolate, 
roundish-ovate ; lower ones bipinnatisect ; upper ones pinnatisect. 
Stems ascending. A. Yin. Turkestan. Plant silvery-silky. 
(R. G. 1064.) 5 
T, vulgare (common). Buttons; Common Tansy. fl.-heads 
many, $in. in diameter, corymbose; peduncle stout. August 
and September, J. 2in. to 5in. long, once or twice pinnatifid, 
oblong, glandular-dotted ; ig 4 ones half-amplexicaul ; lower 
ones petiolate. Stem 2ft. to 5ft. high, grooved and angled, leafy. 
Europe (Britain), &c. (F. D. v. 871; Sy. En. B. 716.) A variety 
with curled leaves is cultivated as an ornamental plant for 
garnishing dishes. 
TANGHIN. See Tanghinia. 
TANGHINIA (Tanglin is the native name of the 
plant in Madagascar). ORD. Apocynacee. A monotypic 
genus. The species is a small, glabrous, stove, evergreen 
tree, included, by Bentham and Hooker, under Cerbera. 
Its fruit is known as the Ordeal Nut of Madagascar. For 
culture, see Cerbera. 
T. venenifera 8 aaa je 
Ordeal-tree. fl. in large, ter- 
minal cymes, each supporte 
by a couple of bracts; corolla 
praia ct yy with rose-coloured lobes and a green, funnel- 
shaped tube, which is hairy within. May. „fr. purplish, tinged 
with green, ellipsoid, 2in. to 3in. long, ig ae | a hard stone. 
l. smooth, alternate, lanceolate, rather thick, about 6in. long, 
clustered towards the points of the branches and directed 
= . h. 20ft. Madagascar, 1826. (B. M. 2698, under name 
of Cerbera Tanghin.) The seeds of this plant furnish a powerful 
ponon and were formerly largely used as an arial by the 
ings of Madagascar. Fora full and very interesting historical 
account, see Mr. Telfair’s letter published in the ‘‘ Botanical 
Magazine’’ at the figure quoted. 
TANK. A cistern or reservoir, which, on a large or 
small scale, is invaluable in every garden for collecting 
and preserving water until required for use. Every 
horticultural structure should be provided with a Water- 
tank in some convenient position into which the rain- 
water that falls on the roof should be conducted, and an 
additional means of supply provided, if possible, to use 
when this fails. Tanks may be built, in any size de- 
sired, with bricks and cement, or purchased, ready for 
fixing, made of galvanised iron or slate. 
TANKERVILLIA. A synonym of Phaius 
(which see). 
TANNER’S-TREE. An old name for Coriaria 
myrtifolia and other species. 
TANSY. See Tanacetum vulgare. 
TAONABO. A synonym of Ternstræmia (which see). 
TAPE GRASS. See Vallisneria spiralis. 
TAPEIONITES. Included under Sinningia (which 
see). 
TAPER. The opposite of angular. See Terete. 
TAPIOCA-PLANT. A common name for Manihot 
ntilissima (which see). 
TAPOGOMEA. A synonym of Cephaelis (which see). 
TAP-ROOTED. Having a large, simple, conical root, 
forming a centre round which the divisions are arranged. 
TAR. Of late years, Tar has come to be regarded 
as a most valuable remedy against the ravages of many 
insects in gardens; and it is also used for the protection 
of farm crops. References have been made to it in 
treating of the remedies for insect attacks under the 
names of yarious plants; but it may be of use to give 
here a summary of the best methods of employing it. 
As a preventive of attack, Tar is employed against 
such larve as conceal themselves underground during 
the day, and crawl up tree-trunks at night. It is also 
used to prevent the ascent of the females of the Winter 
Moths (see and Winter Moth), and other 
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