AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
37 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
Thysanotus—continued. 
and fringed on the edges; stamens six, or sometimes 
three; bracts short, imbricated; scapes leafless or nearly 
so, simple or variously branched. Leaves radical, grass- 
like. The following species have been introduced, and 
are very elegant subjects when in flower. They thrive 
in sandy loam, and may be increased by offsets. 
T. dichotomus (dichotomously branched). fl. one, two, or 
rarely three, in terminal umbels; perianth segments purple ; 
stamens six. July. J., radical ones few, short, withering early. 
Stems very variable, sometimes erect, branched, Ift. to 2ft. high, 
rarely almost twining. Rhizome thick, fibrous. 1838, (B. R. 
1840, 14, under name of T. intricatus.) T. tenuis is probably a 
reduced form of this species. (B. R. 1838, 50.) ‘ 
T. elatior (tall). A form of T. tuberosus. 
T. intricatus (intricate). A synonym of T. dichotomus. 
T, isantherus (even-anthered). A synonym of T. tuberosus 
T. junceus (Rush-like).* fl. one to three in terminal umbels, and 
sometimes one or two sessile along the lower branches ; perianth 
segments purple, five to six lines long; stamens six. August. 
l., radical ones few, narrow-linear, short, soon wiihering, Stems 
slender, loosely branched, erect or flexuous, lft. to 2ft. high, 
bearing sometimes a short leaf near the base. Rhizome thick, 
fibrous. 1804. (B. M. 2351; B. R. 656.) 
T. multifiorus (many-flowered). f., perianth segments purple, 
the outer ones very acute, the inner ones rather shorter ; stamens 
three ; scapes simple, 6in. to 18in. high, bearing a single, terminal, 
many-flowered umbel or rarely a second one lower down. August. 
l. all radical, densely tufted, erect, rigid, much shorter than the 
scape. Stock densely tufted, with fibrous roots. 
T. m. prolifer (proliferous). A luxuriant form, haying a large, 
terminal umbel, frequently a second one rather lower down, and 
leaves sometimes exceeding the scape. (B. R. 1838, 8, and F. d. S. 
1911, under name of T. proliferus.) 
T. proliferus (proliferous). A synonym of 7’. multiflorus prolifer. 
T. tenuis. See T. dichotomus. 
T. tuberosus (tuberous-rooted).* fl., perianth purple, sometimes 
six to seven lines long; stamens six; scape erect, rigid, terete, 
6in. to over 12in. high, branching into a loose, irregularly dicho- 
tomous panicle, each branch having a terminal umbel of one to 
four flowers, and sometimes a lateral, sessile one. June. 
¢. radical, not numerous, narrow-linear, very short or as long as 
the scape. Fibrous roots swollen into tubers. 1825. (B. R. 655, 
under name of T. isantherus.) T. elatior is a tall, strong, many- 
flowered form of this species. 
Fig. 33. TIARELLA CORDIFOLIA, showing Habit and detached 
Flower. 
TIARELLA (from tiara, a Persian diadem ; alluding 
to the shape of the capsules). ORD. Savifrageew. A 
genus including five species of hardy, erect, slender, 
perennial herbs; one is a native of the Himalayas, and 
the rest are North American. Flowers white, on slender 
Tiarella—continued. 
racemes terminal. Leaves mostly radical, long-stalked, : 
simple or trifoliolate; stipules small, adnate with the 
petioles. T. cordifolia is the best-known species. It 
thrives in ordinary soil, and is well suited for rockwork, 
or for the front of the flower border. Increased by 
divisions. 
T. cordifolia (heart-shape-leaved).* False Mitrewort. fl. white ; 
petals oblong, clawed ; raceme simple ; scapes bin. to I2in. high. 
April. l. cordate, acutely lobed, aney mucronate-toothed, 
hirsute above, pubescent beneath. tem thick, sending out 
creeping stolons after flowering. North America, 1731. See 
Fig. 33. . M. 1589.) 
T. Menziesii (Menzies’). A synonym of Tolmiea Menziesii. 
TIARIDIUM. Included under Heliotropium. 
TIBOUCHINA. Included under Pleroma. 
TICKLE MY FANCY. See Viola tricolor. 
TICKS. These belong to the same group as Mites, 
viz., the Acarida, and are not insects, in the strict sense, 
at all. They are fairly numerous, and have been placed 
under several genera, included in the family Ixodidae, 
which takes its name from the chief genus, Ixodes. To 
this genus almost all the British Ticks belong. They 
all live in woods and thickets, or upon low herbage, 
apparently feeding, for a time at least, on the juices of 
plants; but all Ticks seek to attach themselves to the 
bodies of passing animals; and, once attached, they bury 
their proboscis in the animal’s skin, and live there for the 
rest of their lives, unless dislodged, sucking blood, and 
growing rapidly. It has been supposed that each species 
is parasitic upon a single species of animal; but though 
each usually shows a preference for some one species of 
host, they are able to subsist on others also, and all 
animals, from man downwards, are liable to their attacks. 
Dogs are peculiarly troubled with them; and in Britain, 
the one known as the Dog-tick (I. erinaceus) is common 
on dogs, cattle, &c. 
In general appearance, Ticks are much alike, all being 
covered by a tough skin, with no division into segments. 
They are usually ovate or elliptical in form; each of their 
eight legs ends in a sucker and two claws, giving a firm 
grasp; and the head bears a barbed snout, which, once 
buried under the skin, cannot be withdrawn. The palpi, 
or feelers, at the sides of the mouth, contain two tubes 
for sucking in the fluid food. Some Ticks have eyes, 
others have none. Each bears a small, horny shield on 
the back, behind the head. The largest species, when full 
of blood, may become as large as a common bean; but 
few reach this size. g 
Ticks sometimes cause much annoyance to gardeners 
in autumn, by fixing themselves to the skin, in the ~ 
manner described above. They can be got rid of by 
washing the affected parts with an infusion of tobacco, — 
which stupefies them, and weakens their hold on the 
skin, so that they can be readily removed. If Ticks 
are carelessly pulled off, the head and fore limbs are 
often left in the wound, and are apt to cause annoying 
sores, if not removed at once. ; i 
TICOREA (the name of T. fætida in Guiana). Syns. 
Ozophyllum, Sciuris. ORD. Rutaceæœ. A genus embrac- 
ing about half-a-score species of stove trees or shrubs, 
natives of Brazil and Guiana. Flowers white, yellowish- 
white, or scarlet, on bracteate pedicels; calyx short, 
four or five-lobed; corolla tubular-infundibular, the tube 
elongated, the limb of five valvate lobes; disk cup-like 
or urceolate; stamens five to eight; panicles or cymes 
terminating the branchlets, rarely axillary, leafless. 
Leaves opposite ur alternate, simple or consisting of 
one to three entirc, pellucid-dotted leaflets. Two species — 
have been introduced. They thrive in a compost of 
peat, loam, and sand. Propagation may be effected by 
pedicels; calyx tube short, the limb five-lobed; petal 
five, entire; stamens ten, the filaments elongated; 
ripened cuttings, inserted in sand, under a glass, in- 
