AN ENCYCLOPAEDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE, 47 
Sitakta—continn ed. 
the leaves of several grasses; T. strieformis is the com- 
monest of the latter species. It has been asserted, but 
not confirmed, that the use of bunted meal causes disease. 
Treatment. The infected grain may be steeped in solu- 
tions, e.g., of 1 per cent. of carbolic acid in water, or of 
potassium permanganate, or of sodium sulphate; in the 
latter case, it should then be dusted with quicklime, and 
allowed to dry. 
TIMMIA. A synonym of Cyrtanthus (which see). 
TINANTIA (called after Tinant, a Belgian botanist). 
ORD. Commelinacee. A small genus (three species) of 
stove or hardy, erect herbs, natives of tropical America. 
Flowers pedicellate at the sides of the branches; cyme 
on a terminal peduncle. Leaves mediocre or ample. The 
under-mentioned plant is a half-hardy, perennial herb, 
closely allied to Tradescantia. It thrives in any well- 
drained, loamy soil. Seeds may be either sown in a 
warm, sunny spot in the open ground, in spring, or ger- 
minated in heat, and the seedlings hardened off and 
planted out; but it also thrives as a greenhouse plant. 
T. fugax erecta (fugacious, erect). fl., petals blue or purplish ; 
pedicels conspicuously bracteolate at base ; peduncle villous, one 
to three-parted at apex, the branches umbellate. July. l. ovate- 
lanceolate, pilose above, glabrous beneath, narrowed at base, 
slightly petiolate, longitudinally striated. Stem glabrous. h. 14ft. 
1794. Syns. Tradescantia’erecta (B. M. 1340), T. latifolia (L. B. C. 
1300), 7. undata (B. R. 1403). 
TINEA (of Sprengel). 
(which see). 
TINEINA (from tinea, a clothes-moth). A very 
extensive division of small Moths (which see), most of 
which may be readily distinguished from the division 
Tortricina (which see) by the narrow wings, almost 
always fringed with long scales on the inner and hind 
margins, the hairless eyes, the thickened bases of the 
antenne, and the upturned terminal joints of the palpi. 
They differ very greatly among themselves in form, colour, 
and habits, and even in size, some of the larger ones mea- 
suring nearly lin. across the fore wings, while many of 
them do not exceed jin. across; in fact, the smallest 
known species of Moths belong to this division. The 
number of species is very great; and it is not possible 
to enter into details with regard to them individually. 
Hence, special reference must be confined to only a few 
of the species of most importance to horticulturists. 
A synonym of Prockia 
Fie. 40. SMALL ERMINE MOTH (Hyponomeuta padella). 
` Twice natural size. 
Most of the larvæ have six true legs, and ten suckers or 
prolegs ; but in one genus there are twelve suckers, in 
others only eight, and in some the larve are entirely 
footless, and live in burrows in the leaves or other organs 
of plants. Some of the larve feed on the surface of the 
plants, exposed to view, or protected by a case fitting 
closely around the body. Most of them, however, live 
concealed, either in webs or in masses of flowers and 
Seed vessels spun together, or, as already mentioned, in 
arrows in stems, leaves, or fruits; and some are but too 
well known because of their ravages on clothes, and on 
— of furniture. 5 jiin <i 
mong the genera most destructive in gardens is Pe- 
Pressaria, ever species of which are hurtful to Carrots 
and Parsnips, and are described among the insect foes 
Tineina—continued. 
of these plants. Some of the species in this genus 
reach a span of nearly lin. across the- fore wings, and 
are thus among the largest of the Tineina. The genus 
Tinea includes a considerable number of species, several 
_ of which feed in clothes, in furniture, or on Cereals, 
&c., stored in granaries and warehouses; but none are 
conspicuously hurtful in gardens. An account of Hypono- 
meuta padella, and its ravages on Hawthorn, is given 
under Hawthorn Caterpillars. The genus Hypono- 
meuta includes a few species, all easily recognised by three 
or four longitudinal rows of black dots on the white or 
grey fore wings (see Fig. 40); but the larve of H. padella 
alone are ever seriously injurious in gardens. Their 
Hales 
A ia’ 
y 
Fic. 41. LARVÆ AND WEB OF SMALL ERMINE MOTH 
(Hyponomeuta padella). 
habit of living in society, in a web (see Fig. 41) renders 
them very conspicuous, and it is easy to remove and 
destroy entire colonies. utella cruciferarum (which 
see) does a good deal of harm to Cabbages and Tur- 
nips. Endrosis fenestrella is one of the most abundant 
of clothes-moths in houses, appearing almost throughout 
the year. It may be known by the snowy-white head 
and thorax, and dirty-grey wings, clouded with darker 
markings. The leaf-miners are very numerous ; indeed, 
there are few trees or shrubs that are not infested by 
or even by many, species ; and there are also many 
abe porte heats Suc. in the leaves of herbs of various 
kinds: e.g., several live in Epilobium angustifolium and its 
congeners. The mines and blotches produced by these 
insects render the leaves unsightly, but are seldom so 
numerous as to materially weaken the plants. 
Treatment. If the plants are suffering from the abund- 
' ance of leaf-mining larvæ upon them, or if their beauty is 
