AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
Tomato—continued. 
They have been found on the Continent of Europe, on a 
large variety of trees and shrubs. 
Remedies. The remedies employed should be the same 
as those found to give good results against Aphides 
(which see), which these insects greatly resemble in 
their habits. 
Sorts. Of the somewhat numerous sorts of Tomatoes 
in cultivation, the subjoined is a selection. For general 
purposes it is immaterial whether the fruits are smooth, 
FIG. 46. RIBBED FRUITS OF TOMATO. 
or ribbed, as represented in Fig. 46; but there are many 
occasions when those of even outline and medium size are 
specially asked for. It is, therefore, advisable to grow 
at least one of the smooth kinds. : 
Acme. Fruit purplish-crimson, handsome, smooth in outline, 
very distinct in colour. Plant prolific. 
Chiswick Red. Fruit bright scarlet, egg-shaped, borne in large 
clusters. Exceedingly productive, and of good quality. 
Conqueror. Fruit vermilion-red, large, handsome, of excellent 
quality. Early, and one of the best for outdoor culture. 
Dedham Favourite, Fruit rich ruby-red, of large size, quite 
smooth. Productive, and good for exhibition. 
Greengage. Fruit of a beautiful citron-yellow colour, when ripe, 
produced in clusters. The best yellow-fruited variety ; very 
distinct and ornamental. 
Hackwood Park Prolific. Fruit scarlet, large, smooth, even 
in form and size, borne in large clusters. Early, and exceedingly 
productive. 
Hathaway’s Excelsior. Fruit fine red, handsome, very smooth 
ved even in outline, firm, and of excellent quality. One of the 
est. 
Large Red. Fruit deep scarlet, very large, flattened and ribbed. 
Very productive, and well adapted for outside culture. 
Orangefield Dwarf, Fruit red, large, frequently much ribbed, 
of excellent flavour. Plant unusually dwarf, early, and an 
abundant bearer ; one of the best for indoor culture in a limited 
space and during winter. 
Pear-shaped. Fruit red, pear-shaped, very distinct, produced 
freely in clusters. This variety is ornamental, but not very ex- 
tensively cultivated. : 
Stamfordian. Fruit red, smooth, very large, somewhat in the 
way of TROPHY. Fine for exhibition. 
Trophy. Fruit red, exceedingly large and nearly smooth. Pro- 
ductive, but rather late. 
CHERRY AND Rep Currant TomaTors. These are 
chiefly grown for ornament, as their fruits are borne in 
great profusion in bunches or clusters. They represent, 
in general appearance, the Cherry and Red Currant, after 
which they are popularly called. 
TOMATO, CANNIBAL’S. See Solanum anthro- 
pophagorum. 
TOMENTOSE. Covered with tomentum. 
TOMENTUM. Dense, rather short, rigid hairs, 
which are sensibly perceptible to the touch. 
TOMEX. Included under Litsea. 
TOMICIDZ. y 
the family of Beetles now called Scolytidæ (which see). 
The name is taken from Tomicus, one of the chief 
genera in the family. 
TONGA-PLANT. See Epipremnum mirabile. 
TONGUE-GRAFTING. Another name applied to 
Grafting by the whip or splice method—that most generally 
practised in this country, and with the greatest success 
when stock and scion are both small and of about an equal 
size. When preparing the two surfaces that are to fit 
A name occasionally employed for | 
Tongue-Grafting—continued. 
together, a small, thin tongue is cut in an upward 
direction in the scion, and also a notch the opposite 
way in the stock, corresponding in size as near as can 
be judged. In fitting the two together, the notch may be 
kept open with a knife, and the tongue should be carefully 
inserted. It acts as a great support to the scion, and 
materially aids in keeping the latter in position while the 
bandage is put on, and until the parts unite. By cutting 
a tongue in this way, and fitting it properly, there are 
also additional surfaces that may grow together and 
render the union still more complete. See also Grafting. 
TONGUE GRASS. A common name for Lepi- 
dium sativum (which see). 
TONIC. Bracing; corroborative. 
TONNINGIA. A synonym of Cyanotis (which see). 
TONQUIN BEAN. See Dipterix odorata. 
TONSELLA. Included under Salacia. 
TONTANEA. A synonym of Coccocypselum (which 
see). 
TONTELEA. Included under Salacia. 
TOOLS, IMPLEMENTS, &c. For gardening pur- 
poses, it is customary to provide Tools of all descriptions 
used in carrying out all kinds of work. On their de- 
seription and quality depend materially the amount of 
work that may be accomplished, and also the manner 
in which it is done; workmen generally do more with 
good and useful Tools that are always kept clean, 
than if they had to use others, indifferent in quality 
and make, or rusted because of being subjected to wet 
weather or taken in dirty, and neglected while temporarily 
stored away. This latter is, unfortunately, a too frequent 
occurrence, sometimes arising from disinterestedness on 
the part of workmen: the defect might be cured by 
the adoption of a simple rule by those in charge, which 
should be applicable to all who use anything from the 
Tool-shed. Some of the Tools used in gardens are requisite 
in all establishments, whether conducted on a large or 
small scale, as, for instance, the spade; this is indis- 
pensable at all seasons. It may, therefore, be taken as 
an example in referring to the importance of having 
Tools of good quality, even if at a little more expense 
at first. Inferior articles are most unprofitable, no 
matter of what description. Tools also need proper usage 
and to be kept clean. The first of these remarks is 
commended to the attention and judgment of persons 
who have to buy or procure Tools; the second to those 
whose lot it is to subject them to daily or occasional 
use. 
In the subjoined general notes on Tools, Implements, 
&c., reference is made to requisites which should be 
found in establishments where gardening work of the 
ordinary routine is carried out. The extent of a place, 
and the number of workmen employed, must necessarily 
be the guide for quantity : no general scheme is applicable. 
It might seem unnecessary to make reference to what 
is apparently so familiar in relation to Tools in daily use; 
but those best known are the most essential, and must 
therefore be noticed, while many others which are only 
occasionally required, are none the less requisite, and 
should therefore be ready at hand. 
Averruncator. One of these is most useful in gardens 
where there are extensive grounds attached, with tall- 
growing shrubs, standard trees, &c., that need pruning 
at a considerable height above ground, and yet cannot 
conveniently be reached by means of a ladder or steps. 
The Averrunecator consists of a hooked blade, which is 
fixed into the end of a handle, made ready for use in 
one length, or sometimes in two, with provision for 
joining them together when requisite. To the fixed 
hooked blade, another blade with a semicircular cutting 
