Pd 
AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. | 63 
TOURRETIA (named in honour of Mare Antoine 
Louis Claret de la Tourrette, 1729-1793, a friend of 
Rousseau, and author of several botanical works). Syws. 
Dombeya, Medicı. ORD. Bignoniacee. A monotypic 
genus. The species is a hardy, climbing herb (or sub- 
shrub ?), usually treated in gardens as an annual. Seeds 
should be sown, early in spring, on a hotbed. When the 
young plants are strong enough to handle, they may be 
planted in light soil, against a wall or pillar. 
T. lappacea (Bur-like). f. in long, spicate racemes, on te:minal 
peduncles ; calyx two-parted, deciduous; corolla purple-violet, 
with a very unequa'ly bilabiate limb ; stamens four, didynamous. 
July. J. opposite, di- or trichotomously divided; segments 
petiolulate, membranous, serrated; petioles produced into a 
branched tendril or leaflet. Branches slender, tetragonal. h. 6ft. 
Mountains of tropical America, 1788. (B. M. 3749.) 
TOVARIA. A synonym of Smilacina (which see). 
TOVOMITA (from Tovomite, the Caribbean name 
of T. guianense). Syns. Beawharnoisia, Marialva, and 
Micranthera. ORD. Guttifere. A genus comprising about 
a score species of tropical American, stove trees or 
shrubs, with resinous juice. Flowers often rather small, 
cymose-umbellate or in dense panicles; sepals two or 
four; petals four to ten, imbrieated, often twin-seriate ; 
stamens indefinite. Fruit often obovoid-oblong or pyri- 
form. Leaves penninerved. The three species intro- 
duced are handsome trees, thriving in a mixture of loam, 
peat, and sand. Ripened cuttings will root freely in 
sand, under a hand glass, in heat. 
T. Choisyana (Choisy’s). fl. yellow ; sepals four, the two inner 
ones petaloid ; petals eight to eleven; pedicels shorter than the 
flowers; male cymes terminal, few-flowered. May. l. oblong, 
acute at base, shortly and rather obtusely acuminate at apex, 
entire, h. 20ft. Cayenne, 1823. Syn. Micranthera clusiæfolia. 
T. fructipendula (pendulous-fruited). fl. yellowish, on jointed 
pedicels ; sepals two; petals four; peduncles filiform, axillary 
and terminal, two or three-flowered, elongated. January and 
February. fr. turbinate, pendulous, crowned by the permanent 
styles. J. oblong, acutely and sharply acuminate, 3in. long. 
h. 18ft. Peru. Syn. Beauharnoisia fructipendula. 
T. guyanensis (Guiana). fl. diwcious ; sepals two ; petals four, 
green; anthers white; pedicels jointed ; peduncles corymbose, 
dichotomous, thick, terminal. June, l. ovate-oblong, bluntly 
acuminate, somewhat stem-clasping, coriaceous, 4in. to 5in. long. 
white beneath. h}. 10ft. Guiana and Brazil, 1827. (A. G. 364.) 
Syn. Marialva guyanensis. 
TOWN CRESS. A common name for Lepidium 
sativum (which see). 
TOXICODENDRON (from fovicon, poison, and 
dendron, a tree; alluding to the poisonous nature of the 
fruits), Syn. Hyanachne. Orp. Euphorbiacee. A small 
genus (two species) of small, rigid, much-branched, green- 
house trees, endemic in South Africa. Flowers dicecious, 
apetalous, axillary, the males densely cymulose and shortly 
pedunculate, or loosely racemose, the females solitary, 
shortly pedicellate. Capsule sub-globose, thick, hard. 
Leaves opposite or often whorled, entire, rigidly coriaceous. 
T. ca; ense, the only species introduced, succeeds in well- 
drained, sandy loam. When at rest, water should be 
sparingly given. Propagation may be effected by cuttings, 
inserted in sandy soil, under a bell glass. 
T. Pops i le panicle about one- 
thin r ag i e p < sagis digntly arn Sa cluster- 
flowered ; bracts thick, ovate-lanceolate. June. l. sub-lanceo- 
late, linear, narrowly oblong, or elliptic, cuneate-narrowed at 
base, rounded and obtuse at apex, paler beneath, glabrous. 
owering branches terete. A. Sft. to 6ft. 1783. Syn. Hye- 
nachne globosa. 
TOXICOPHLZA (from foxicon, poison, and philoros, 
bark; in allusion to the poisonous rind). Syn. Acok- 
anthera. ORD. Apocynacee. A small genus (three species) 
of very poisonous, tall, greenhouse shrubs or small trees; 
two are natives of South Africa, and the third is Abyssinian. 
Flowers white, or pink on the outside, odorous ; calyx five- 
parted, eglandular ; corolla salver-shaped, with a cylindrical 
tube and five twisted lobes; cymes sub-racemose, dense, 
sub-sessile in the axils. Berry globose, one or two-seeded. 
Leaves opposite, thickly coriaceous, obliquely penniveined. 
stipulate. Only one species ealls for mention here. 
Toxicophlea—continued. 
The two introduced species thrive in a light, rich soil, with 
an occasional watering of weak liquid manure. Cuttings 
root readily under a hand glass, in moderate heat. 
T. cestroides (Cestrum-like), A synonym of T. Thunbergii. 
T.s bilis (showy).* Wintersweet. fl. white, in terminal and 
axillary corymbs, which form a very , dense spray, fre- 
quently over 2ft. in length; perfume sweet and powerful. 
Tae l. elliptic. h. 4ft. to 6ft. South Africa, 1872. (G. C. 
1872, 363; Gn. July, 1877; R. H. 1879, 270.) 
T. Thunbergii (Thunberg’s). /. yellowish, tipped with brown 
expanding in the afternoon; corymbs sessile, axillary, usually 
eight-flowered. February to April. l, lanceolate-oblong, coria- 
ceous. h. 6ft. to 7ft. Cape of Good Hope, 1787. The correct 
name of this plant is now Acokanthera venenata. (I. H. 1885, 
543.) SYN. T. cestroides (R. G. 940; R. H. 1880, 370). 
TOXOSTIGMA. A synonym of Arnebia (which 
see). 
TRACHEA (derivation uncertain). A small genus of 
Night-moths (Noctuæ), of which only one species, T. pini- 
perda, or the Pine Beauty Moth, is found in Britain. The 
FIG. 67. TRACHEA PINIPERDA, 
size, form, and markings of the moth are shown in Fig. 
67. The front wings are brick-red, or reddish-brown, 
mixed with grey and pale orange; there are darker 
oblique cross-lines, and whitish spots towards the middle 
of each wing, the centre of the larger spot being filled 
up with orange-grey. The moths fly in the early spring. 
The larve are slender; when full-grown, they are 
yellowish-green, with a white line down the middle of 
the back, and a double line (white above, and orange 
beneath) along each side above the legs. The young 
larve are of a uniform green colour. They feed on the 
leaves of Fir-trees during summer, and, when full-fed, 
spin slight cocoons in crevices of the bark, or under the 
soil, and in them become brown pup. ; 
Where these Moths are conspicuously hurtful to Coni- 
fers, their numbers may be reduced by shaking them off 
the branches, and preventing them from ascending the 
trunk by putting a ring of tar around it. The pupe 
also should be sought for in the crevices of the bark, 
and by turning up the soil around the trunks to a depth 
of three or four inches. This insect is, however, seldom 
so abundant as to do much harm in any part of Britain. 
TRACHEA, TRACHENCHYMA. ‘Spiral vessels; 
air-tubes, containing a spiral thread of considerable tough- 
ness and elasticity. 
TRACHELIUM (from frachelos, the ont —— 
su ed effi of the plants in diseases of the 
ee arez ORD. Campanulacee. A small 
genus (four or five species) of hardy, perennial herbs or 
sub-shrubs, natives of the Mediterranean region. Flowers 
sub-umbellate or in a corymbosely-branched panicle ; calyx 
tube adnate, the limb five-parted ; corolla narrow-tubular, 
shortly five-lobed at apex; stamens free. Leaves © 
thrives in a compost of sandy loam and vegetable mould. 
Increased by seeds, sown on a slight hotbed, in spring ; 
or by cuttings of young shoots, inserted in sandy soil, in 
April, or at the end of summer, 
cæruleum (blue). #. small, very numerous, corymbose ; 
-E Slee bine, salver-shaped, with a long and very narrow — 
tube. August. l. ovate, acute, deeply serrated, on short 
petioles. Stem erect. h. 2ft. Italy and Spain, 1640. (B. R. 72.) 
T, c. album (white). This only differs from the type in having 
white flowers. ; 
