AN ENCYCLOPADIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
75 
TRECULIA (named in honour of M. Auguste 
Trécul, of Paris, author of a monograph on Nuphar 
lutea, in 1843). ORD. Urticacee. A small genus (two 
or three species) of stove, glabrous trees or shrubs, 
natives of tropical Africa. Flowers dicecious; heads 
sessile or shortly pedunculate, at the axils or the de- 
foliated nodes; bracts under the head few, small, some- 
what biseriate, but by no means forming a true involucre. 
Leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, entire, coriaceous, 
penniveined; stipules lanceolate, rather small, caducous. 
T. africana, the only species introduced, is an evergreen 
tree. It requires a compost of rich loam and leaf mould, 
and a moist atmosphere. Propagation may be effected 
by cuttings of the ripened shoots, inserted in sandy 
loam, under a bell glass, with bottom heat. 
T. africana (African). African Bread-fruit Tree; Okwa-tree. 
Ji. green, in globose, shortly pedunculate heads. September. 
Jr. in a head 1ft. or more in diameter. J. alternate, very shortly 
pennino, thickly coriaceous, 6in. to 14in. long, sometimes Tin. to 
in. broad, oblong-ovate or lanceolate, abruptly and obtusely 
acuminate, acute or oftener cordate at base; stipules lin. long, 
caducous. k. 60ft. to 80ft. 1872. (B. M. 5986.) 
TREE. Any woody plant of perennial duration which 
rises from the ground with a distinct trunk. 
TREE FERN. A common name for Ferns with an 
arborescent caudex: e.g., species of Alsophila, Cyathea, 
and Dicksonia. 
TREE-GUARDS. These, in some form, are requisite 
for placing round all newly-planted trees in public streets, 
avenues, &c., where it is often necessary to provide some 
protection for the stem for several years. Besides pro- 
tecting trees, the Guards act as an efficient support 
against injury from the wind after transplanting. The most 
substantial and best-formed, though rather expensive, 
. Tree-guards, are those of circular shape, made of iron, the 
lower part, which is fixed into the ground, being wider in 
diameter than that which surrounds the tree stem higher 
up. A common form of Tree-guard consists of three 
upright wooden posts, placed in a triangular shape, and 
fixed with pieces of wood at an equal distance from each 
other at the top. The kind of Guard which causes least 
injury to the roots is, of course, preferable ; the tree should 
always be tied at the top with cord, so that it cannot 
possibly come in contact with any part of the Guard 
and be injured. For protecting the bark of trees planted 
in streets from being cut by mischievous individuals, 
ordinary wire netting, of fine mesh, may be tied round 
the stems when the trees are first planted. 
TREE MALLOW. See Lavatera arborea. 
TREE MIGNONETTE. A title given to plants of 
Mignonette when grown singly to flower in large pots on 
tall stems as single specimens. Mignonette plants grown 
in tree form are interesting and ornamental subjects for 
conservatory decoration; but for general usefulness, five 
or six plants grown in each pot as dwarf specimens are 
most desirable. See Mignonette. 
TREE OF CHASTITY. See Vitex Agnuscastus. 
TREE OF HEAVEN. See Ailantus. 
TREE OF LIFE. A common name for Thuya 
(which see). 
TREE OF SADNESS. See Nyctanthes Arbor- 
tristis. 
TREE PANAX. See Dendropanax. 
TREE SLUG. See Slugs. 
TREFOIL. See Trifolium. 
oe BIRD’S-FOOT. Seo Lotus cornicu- 
Hepatica (which see). 
TREFOIL, MILK. An old name for the genus 
Cytisus (which see). 
TREFOIL, MOON. A common name for Medi- 
cago arborea (which see). 
TREFOIL, SCENTED. A common name for 
Melilotus (which see). 
TREFOIL, SHRUBBY. A popular name for 
Jasminum fruticans and Ptelea trifoliata (which 
see). 
TREISIA. Included under Euphorbia, 
TRELLIS. A framework fixed in glass houses near 
the roof, on which to train plants and trees, such as Vines, 
Peaches and Nectarines, Cucumbers, and Melons, none of 
which could receive proper attention unless so treated. 
A Trellis may also be formed to fix into a large pot 
for the accommodation of an individual plant, as, for 
example, a Stephanotis or Bougainvillea grown for ex- 
hibition. Galvanised wire of different sizes is generally 
used, according to the different purposes for which it 
is intended. In Vineries and Peach-houses, the Trellis 
should be fixed, not less than 1ft. from the glass, as 
it is always required; in Cucumber and Melon-houses, it 
may be in pieces, so as to be removed when the house 
is used for growing other plants which do not require a 
Trellis. The wires for training Vines upon should be 
fixed horizontally, 9in. apart; and for Peaches and 
Nectarines 6in. is preferable. When a Trellis is made 
in movable sections, the wires are usually crossed, to 
form a diamond-shaped pattern, and this allows of plants 
being tied and trained in any direction. Pyramid and 
balloon-shaped Trellises are those msually selected for 
specimen pot-plants. 
TREMANDRA (from tremo, to tremble, and anthoa, 
a male; the anthers vibrate with the least movement of — 
the air). ORD. Tremandree. A genus comprising only 
a couple of small, greenhouse, more or less stellate-tomen- 
tose, Australian shrubs. Flowers five-parted; stamens 
apparently in a single series; disk crenate, almost five- 
lobed. Leaves opposite, toothed. For culture of the only 
species introduced, see Tetratheca (to which it is closely 
allied). 
-bearing). fl. icels shorter than the 
Tat eee raie en D, dua ann to three lines long ; 
petals but little longer; anthers dark — Summer. 
opposite, shortly petiolate, ovate, obtuse, to 1 long, 
coarsely and irregularly toothed or rarely entire, h. 2ft. or 
more. Plant densely stellate-hairy. 
'T, verticillata (whorled). A synonym of Platytheca galioides. 
TREMANDREZ. A small natural order of 
usually Heath-like, glabrous or glandular-hairy, extra- 
tropical Australian shrubs. Flowers usually red or 
purple, regular, solitary, on axillary pedicels ; sepals four 
or five, very rarely three, free, valvate in bud; petals 
as many, hypogynous, spreading, induplicate-valvate in 
bud; stamens twice as many, hypogynous, free ; filaments 
short; anthers two or four-celled, opening in a single, 
terminal pore; torus small, or rarely expanded into a 
disk between the petals and stamens. Capsule usually 
flattened, two-celled, opening loculicidally at the edges. 
Leaves small, alternate, opposite, or whorled, rarely 
larger and stellate-tomentose. The order contains three 
genera—Platytheca, Tetratheca, and Tremandra—and 
about twenty-one species. 
TREMANTHUS. A synonym of Styrax (which 
" see). 
TREMEX. A genus of Sawflies, so closely related 
to Sirex (which see), and so similar in general appear- 
ance and habits, as to render a detailed account of the 
cies unnecessary. This genus has not been met 
| with im Great Britain; but one species (T. Columba), 
TREFOIL, GOLDEN. Anold name oe i : popularly known as the Pigeon Tremex, is destructive 
