90 
THE DICTIONARY OF GARDENING, 
TRIGONOTHECA. A synonym of Catha (which 
see). 
TRIGUERA. Included under Hibiscus. 
TRIGYNOUS. Having three styles. 
TRILISA (from triliv, triple; in allusion to the 
divisions of the pappus). ORD. Composite. A small 
genus (two species) of hardy, erect, perennial herbs, 
natives of North America. Flower-heads purplish or 
white, rather small, paniculate; florets equal, regular, 
tubular, five-cleft; involucral bracts in two or three 
series ; receptacle flat, naked. Leaves alternate, entire, 
amplexicaul; radical ones elongated. Only one species 
calls for description here. It thrives in any moderately 
good, light soil. Propagation may be effected by divisions, 
in spring; or by seeds, which are usually sown early in 
autumn. 
T. odoratissima (very odorous), Vanilla Plant. /.-heads 
bright purple, numerous, pedicellate ; involucral scales glandular. 
September. J. thick; radical ones large, obovate-spathulate, 
tapering at base, often slightly and obtusely toothed; cauline 
ones oblong, clasping at base, the upper ones small and scattered. 
Stem 2ft. to 4ft. high, corymboseat top. 1786. The leaves, when 
bruised, exhale the odour of vanilla. Syn. Liatris odoratissima 
(A. B. R. 633; S. B. F. G. ser. ii. 184). 
TRILIX. A synonym of Prockia (which see). 
TRILLIACEÆ. 
TRILLIUM (from triliz, triple; alluding to the 
triple parts of the flowers and leaves). American Wood 
Lily; Indian Shamrock ; Three-leaved Nightshade. ORD. 
Liliaceæ. A genus comprising about a dozen species of 
hardy, perennial herbs, with short, thick rhizomes, natives 
of North America and extra-tropical Asia, from the Hima- 
Iayas, as far as Japan. Flowers solitary, erect, drooping 
or reflexed, sessile or pedicellate within the leaves ; perianth 
violet, lurid, white, or greenish, persistent; segments dis- 
tinct, spreading, the three outer ones slender and her- 
baceous, green or rarely coloured, the three inner ones 
petaloid, often larger, less spreading, or sometimes re- 
eurved; stamens six; style deeply trifid, or three-parted 
from the base. Berry globose or ovoid, indehiscent. Leaves 
three, whorled at the apex of the stem, broad, sub-sessile 
or rather long-petiolate, three to five-nerved and reticu- 
-late-penniveined. Stem simple, erect, with a few short, 
scarious sheaths at base. The species best known to 
cultivation are here described. All are North American, 
and have violently emetic roots. A deep, well-drained 
bed of peaty soil, in a somewhat shady position, is the 
most suitable for these plants. During summer, a plenti- 
ful supply of water is essential. They may be increased, 
rather slowly, by dividing the roots, or by seeds. T. 
grandiflorum is the best species, and is one of the most 
desirable hardy plants for all collections. 
T, Catesbzei (Catesby’s). A synonym of T. styloswm. 
T. cernuum (drooping). f. small; inner ee segments 
white, eight to twelve lines long, oblong-ovate, wavy, recurved, 
Included under Liliacee. 
rather longer than the lanceolate outer ones ; uncle usually 
oy than the flower. April and May. l. broadly rhom- 
boi 
2in. to 6in. long, abruptly acuminate, shortly petiolate. 
Stems two or three together, lift. high. 1758. (B. M. 954.) 
T. discolor hth caged Ay. sed E mgg oo perg ei 
urple, vary into green, 14iv-: . long, erect, oblong, 
Lees Skotit below ; pM ones shorter, lanceolate, spread- 
ing. February and March. J. sessile, 3in. to 5in. long, ovate- 
lanceolate to ovate, tapering from near the base to 
the apex, variegated above with green and brown, or dark 
Stem stout, solitary, 6in. to 12in. high. 1831. (B. M. 
fe n ing to Sereno Watson, the correct name of this 
plant is 7. ses: Wrayi. 
(erect).* 
‘solitary, 1ft. high. 1 aoe rie 108. 
B. C. 1838.) Syns. T. fætidum 
T. pendulum (R. G. 656), T. rhom- 
Trillium—continued. 
T. e album (white). jl., inner perianth segments greenish- 
white, or rarely yellowish. (B. M. 1027; L. B. C. 1850.) 
T. e. ochroleucum (yellowish-white). fl., inner perianth seg- 
ments yellowish-white. (B. M. 3250, under name of 7. e. viridi- 
florum.) ; 
. erythrocarpum (red-fruited).* Painted Wood Lily. fl. 3in. 
to lin. long; inner perianth segments white, striped > with 
purp at the base, oblong, wavy, much longer than the lanceo- 
te outer ones; peduncle lin. to 2in. long, erect. April and 
May. fr. red. l. ovate, 3in. to 5in. long, long -acuminate, 
rounded at base, shortly petiolate. Stem solitary, lft. high. 
1811. (B. M. 3002; L. B. C. 1232; S. B. F. G. 212.) 
T. foetidum (fetid). A synonym of T. erectum. 
T. grandiflorum (large-flowered).* Wake Robin. ji. 2in, long; 
inner perianth segments white, changing to rose-colour, obovate, 
much longer and broader than. the lanceolate outer ones; 
peduncle longer than the flower, erect or slightly declined. 
May. J. šin. to Sin. long, rhombic-ovate, abruptly acuminate, 
nearly sessile. Stem solitary, lft. to l4ft. high. 1799. A fine 
plant. (F. d. S. 991; L. B. C. 1349; R. G. 575; B. M. 855, under 
name of T. erythrocarpwm.) 
T. nervosum (nerved). A synonym of T. stylosum, 
T. nivale (snowy).* fl., inner perianth segments, white, oblong, 
obtuse, lin. long, scarcely wavy, spreading from an erect base, 
equalling the peduncle; outer ones lanceolate, obtuse. April, 
l. lin. to 2in. long, oval or ovate, obtuse, rounded at base, 
Stem 2ft. to 4ft. high. 1879. (B. M. 6449.) 
distinctly petiolate. 
Fig. 103. TRILLIUM ERECTUM. 
T. obovatum (obovate). fi., inner perianth segments pink, 
above lin. long, elliptic-ovate, obtuse; inner ones shorter, 
oblong ; peduncle erect, lin. long. April. J. sessile, roundish- 
rhomboid, abruptly acuminate, green above, scarcely paler 
beneath, glabrous, 2żin. long. Stem erect, 8in. to 10in. high. 
1810. This is regarded by Sereno Watson as probably identical 
with T. erectum. 
T. pendulum (pendulous). A synonym of T. erectum. 
T. rhomboideum (rhomboid). A synonym of T. erectum. 
T, sessile (sessile). /. ten to fifteen lines long, sessile, erect ; 
inner perianth segments dark purple, lanceolate, erect, much 
longer than the lanceolate, spreading sepals. March and April. 
l. sessile, lin. to 3in. long, broadly oval, widest in the middle, 
abruptly pointed, narrowed at base, variegated above with paler 
and deeper green. Stems slender, 6in. to 12in. high, commonly 
two or more in a cluster. 1759. (B. M. 40; F. d. S. 2311; 
L. B. ©. 875.) 
T. s. Wrayi. See T. discolor. 
T. stylosum (large-styled). fl. 14in. to 2in. long ; inner perianth 
segments tinged with rose-colour, oblong, much longer and 
broader than the sepals; styles united below the middle; 
uncle 1żin. to 2in. long. April and May. l. oval or oblong, 
in. long, acute, shortly petiolate. Stem solitary, slender, Ife, 
to 15ft. h. 1823. Syns. T. Catesbei, T. nervosum. 
