y 
-A 
m 
= dark spot in the yellow median area. The 
AN ENCYCLOPÆDIA 
OF HORTICULTURE. 
Tryphena—continued. 
of the black band, and in the depth of colour in the 
yellow or orange area of the hind wings. The larve 
mostly belong to the group of Surface Caterpillars 
(which see) in general appearance and in habits. The 
body is smooth and cylindrical, and the head small. The 
colour varies from dingy ochreous, or dull yellowish- 
green, to dark brown, with (usually) a paler line down 
the back, and pale ai dark mottlings ; but space will 
not permit of giving minute details. 
A very common species is T. pronuba (Common Yellow 
Underwing). The front wings expand to from 2in. to 24in.; 
the hind wings are yellow, with the black marginal band 
rather narrow, and there is rio dark spot in their middle. 
The larve of this species feed near the top of the roots of 
Lettuces, Cabbages, and almost all other kinds of 
garden vegetables, as well as on many flowering 
plants. They burrow into the plants, or hide just 
below the surface of the soil; and when full-fed, 
in spring, they make earthen cocoons, and become 
pup in the soil. T. Janthina (Lesser Broad 
bordered Yellow Underwing) has an expanse 
of wing of about lżin. The front wings are 
rich brown, with purple tints, and three wedges 
of grey extending inwards from the front margin. 
The hind wings have the base black, and the 
broad, marginal band intense velvety-black ; the 
crest of each wing is orange. The larve feed 
in *Primroses, and in other garden flowers, 
during winter, and become pup, in spring, in 
cocoons in the soil. T. interjecta (Least Yellow 
Underwing) reaches only about 1łin. in span. 
The front wings are rusty-brown or dull red, 
with darker lines, and a smoky band near the 
hind margin. The hind wings are dark at the 
base, with a smoky-black marginal band, a 
similar shade along the inner margin, and a 
larve feed on low plants, such as Dock and 
other weeds, in winter and spring, like those 
already mentioned. T. fimbria (Broad-bordered 
Yellow Underwing) has a spread of wings of 
2in, to 2tin. œ It is easily known by its size, 
and by the very broad, intensely black marginal 
band, and the deep orange, unspotted area 
(extending to the base) of the hind wings. 
“The larve feed in autumn on leaves of Birch, 
Sallow, and other trees, hybernate, and in 
spring eat the young leaves of the same trees, 
‘crawling down the trunk before daylight ap- 
pears, and hiding in the ground all day, to 
crawl up again in the evening. T. orbona 
(Lesser Yellow Underwing) varies in spread of 
wings from ldin. to l#in. The front wings vary 
in depth of colour. The hind wings are yel- 
lowish, clouded with grey at the base, and have 
a dark grey, crescentic spot in the middle, and a 
rather narrow, blackish marginal band. The 
larve feed in autumn on Chickweed and other low plants ; 
but, after hybernation, in spring they ascend the stems 
of Hawthorn and Sallow, and eat the young leaves. „T. 
subsequa is too uncommon to call for special mention 
here. 
Remedies. These should be employed as recommended 
against Noctua (which see). = 
TSIANA. A synonym of Costus (which see). 
TSUGA (the Japanese name for these trees). ORD. 
Conifere. A small genus (eight species) of hardy, ever- 
green trees, with the ultimate ‘branches slender and often 
pendulous; three are North American, and two Asiatic. 
Flowers moncecious; males sub-sessile, solitary in the axils 
of the upper leaves; female catkins solitary, terminal, 
globose, with few empty, stipitate scales. Leaves acicular 
W 
\' 
|< gracilis. 
Tsuga—continued. 
or narrow-linear, spirally scattered, sometimes distichously 
spreading, flat or (in one species) convex above. Cones 
sub-globose, often reflexed, lin. or less in length, or (in 
one species) rather longer. The species of this genus are 
often confused with those of Abies. For culture, see 
Pinus. 
T. Brunoniana (Brown’s). l. solitary, somewhat distichous or 
scattered, flat, linear, spreading, obtuse or slightly pointed, 
minutely toothed towards the apex, reflexed on the margins, 
glossy-green above, milky-mealy below. cones terminal, lin. long, 
solitary, sessile. Branches numerous, slender, pendent. A. TOft. 
to 80ft. Bhotan, (G. C. n. s., xxvi., pp. 73, 501.) SyNs. Abies 
ji A 
T. canadensis (Canadian):* Henilock Spruce. 1. solitary, flat, 
irregularly distichous, jin. to jin. long, downy when young, 
rough at the margins, blunt, vivid light green above, with two 
WW Whe 
W 
si stri 
adirat My fin. to Zin. long, oval. Branches numerous, slender 
hi ou: ’ r pS 
no yy bo 1136. STN. Abies canadensis. The following 
varieties are enumerated by Gordon, in “ The Pinetum” : 
alba-spica (white-spiked). A rather prett; form, differing 
p the type in y arni the leaves on the p À of the young 
growth of a whitish colour. 
gracilis (slender). l linear blunt-pointed, glossy above, 
Te reka ceri or less obliquely placed al round the 
shoots, and seldom more than jin. long. ranches and branch- 
lets very slender, little divided, more or less drooping at the 
bular in form, 
T, 6. (Milford). A dwarf variety, 
with the shoots slender and drooping: and the leaves much 
smaller than those of the type; but it is quite from 
nana (dwarf) A dwarf variety, not exceeding ft. in 
7 oe and Bae A on the ground, with a more tufted foliage 
than the type. 
