INDEX. 



281 



Species, def.. 127. 

 Specific efl'ect, def., 146. 

 Spoonbill, roseate, 49, 105. 

 Squirrel, red, 199. 



flying, 199. 

 "Stake-driver," see Bittern. 

 Steering flight, 90. 

 StUt, 253. 



Stopping flight, 91. 

 Straits of Mackinac, 168. 

 Strings, used by birds, 238. 

 Sub-species, def., 132. 

 Sunbirds, 103. 

 Swallow, T9, 89, 99, 100, 139, 140, 253. 



bank, 203. 



barn, 190. 



blue-backed, 203, 254. 



clifl", see Eaves swallow. 



eaves, 116, 190, 201-212, 232, 254. 



rough-winged, 203. 



tree, see Bkn- -hacked. 



violet-green, 190. 

 Swan, 57, 96. 



black, 60. 

 Swift, 79, 89, 93, 99, 100. 



chimney, 90, 190. 



Vaux's!i 190. 

 Swimming, 71-74. 

 Syndactylous, def., 97. 



Tanager, scarlet, 150, 254, 256. 



Tarso-metatarsus, 69. 



Tarsus, 69. 



Tennyson, Alfred, quoted, 13. 



Terete, def., 98. 



Tern, 29, 57, 59, 89, 90, 93, 94, 176, 177 



Forster's, 59. 



roseate, 254. 



Wilson's or common, 101, 254. 

 Tertiaries, def., 78. 

 Thayer, Abbott H., quoted, 153, 154. 

 Thoreau, Henry D., quoted, 68, 174, 255, 



256. 

 Thrasher, brown, 255. 

 Thrush, hermit, 249-251. 

 Tibio-tarsus, def., 69. 

 "Tick-eater," see Ani. 

 TillandHia, 48. 

 Totipaluiate, 50, 95, 96. 

 " Towering," 89. 

 Towhee, 113, 232. 



Oregon, 190. 



white-eyed, 113. 



Tricks of flight, 91. 

 Turkey-buzzard, 88. 



Unga Island (Alaska), 14. 

 Unsymmetrical coloration, 106, 107. 



Variation, geographical, 132, 133. 

 Vireo, red-eyed, 113, 187, 227, 258. 



white-eyed, 113, 258. 



yellow-throated, 256, 258. 



Warbler, 116, 150, 184. 



Audubon's, 191. 



blue }-ellow-backed, 162. 



chestnut-sided, 254. 



hermit, 191. 



pine, 162. 



redstart, 254. 



yellow, 140. 



yellow-rumped, 164. 

 Water ousel, 71, 129. 

 " Water turkey," see Anhinga. 

 " Water witch," see Grebe. 

 " Water wren," see Water ousel. 

 Webbed feet, 71, 73. 

 Whip-poor-will, 151. 

 Whittier, John G., quoted, IS, 23, 42. 

 Wild cat, 198. 

 Willet, 253. 



Willow, food of grouse, 195. 

 Wilson, Alexander, quoted, 104. 

 Wings, requirements of, 75. 



problems of construction, 76. 



shape, 79. 

 Winking membrane, 114. 

 Wishbones, 70. 

 Wood pewee, 184, 185, 187. 

 Woodcock, 100, 101, 151, 266. 

 Woodpecker, 93, 96," 100, 104, 178, 200, 254. 



downy, 131, 133, 243. 



hairy, 133. 



ivory-billed, 49. 



Lewis's, 191. 



pileated, 190. 



red-headed, 232. 



three-toed, 157, 161. See also Sapsucker. 

 Wren, marsh, 7. 



rock, 232. 



Zoogeographical divisions, 263. 

 Zoogeography, 155, 156. 

 Zygodactyl, def., 96, 



