193 



Field Marks. The above marks are easily recognizable in life. The black throat 

 somewhat suggests the Chickadee but the other marLs make it easy to separate them. 



Nesting. On ground or in bushy fields or second growth in nest much hke that of 

 Blue-winged Warbler. 



Distribution. Eastern United States; regularly crossing our borders only in southern 

 Ontario along lake Erie and the lower corner of lake Huron. 



Usually found in shrubby wastes or the bushy edges of woodland. 

 To be expected only in southern Ontario. 



645. Nashville Warbler. fr. — la fauvette de nashville. Vermivora rub- 

 ricapilla. L, 4-77. A yellow and green warbler with a greyish head and a more or less 

 concealed chestnut crown patch. Sex, season, and age plumages varying only in intensity 

 of yellow and the amount of chestnut in cap. In females the cap may be entirely concealed 

 by the grey edgings of the feathers and occasionally it may be altogether absent. 



Distinctions. The unmarked green above and yellow all below to tail, but brightest 

 on throat and breast; and the grey or greyish head and cheeks are distinctive. This greyish 

 head and hind neck may not be marked but is always present as a slight differentiation 

 from the green back. When present the chestnut crown (not orange-rufous as in the 

 Orange-crowned Warbler) is an unmistakable specific character. 



Field Marks. Bright yellow, unstreaked underparts and grey head and cheeks. 



Nesting. On ground in partial clearings or tree grown pastures in nest of grasses and 

 moss lined with finer grasses and fine rootlets. 



Distribution. Eastern North America. In Canada north to beyond the settlements. 

 The Eastern Nashville Warbler extends west to near the mountains. 



SUBSPECIES. The Nashville Warbler is divided into the Eastern Nashville, the 

 type form, V. r. rubicapilla, and an extreme western one the Calaveras Warbler. 



This warbler is most likely to be found in open shrubbery and the 

 small growth that lines country roads. 



646. Orange-crowned Warbler, fr. — la fauvette a couronne orangee. Ver- 

 mivora celata. L, 5. A dull yellowish, grey-green warbler with a concealed orange-rufous 

 crown-patch. Very little sexual difference. Immatures are without the crown spot and 

 the brightness of the yellow below is reduced to almost the colour of the back. 



Distinctions. Similar to the Nashville but without the grey or greyish on the head. 

 The crown spot when present is still more concealed than that of the Nashville and often 

 entirely hidden until the feathers are separated to show their coloured bases. The yellow 

 throat is duller than in the Nashville. The juvenile bird is an almost evenly greyish green 

 bird with faint suggestions of ashy to it and rather similar to the immature Tennessee but 

 without the faint light eyebrow line ; it is more evenly coloured, and without any suggestion 

 of white below. 



Field Marks. Like a very dull coloured Nashville Warbler or a juvenile Tennessee 

 without the faint eyebrow line. 



Nesting. On or near the ground in nest of leaves and fine grasses. 



Distribution. Central and western America. The Interior Orange-crown breeds from 

 Alaska to Manitoba and is only a migrant through eastern Canada. 



SUBSPECIES. The species is divided into three subspecies. The Interior Orange- 

 crown V. c. celata, the type form, ranges west to the mountains. 



One of the rarest of the regular Eastern Canadian Warblers. Eyesight 

 alone is hardly reliable for records in eastern Canada. 



647. Tennessee Warbler, fr. — la fauvette du Tennessee. Vermivora peregrina, 

 L, 5. Back of male green, underparts nearly pure white. Head and hind neck ash-grey, 

 suffusing on cheeks. White eyebrow line and suggestion of dark line through eye. Females 

 and juveniles have the grey head and hind neck replaced by the green of the back which 

 suffuses more or less as dull yellow or greenish yellow over breast and underparts. The 

 eyebrow line is always visible as a lighter coloration of the green. 



Distinctions. The general green and white coloration and light eyebrow line are the 

 best distinctions in any plumage. 



Field Marks. General coloration as above, with light eyebrow line and without wing- 

 bars, tail patches, or the whitish spot at base of primaries of the Black-throated Blue 

 Warbler. 



