BUTTERFIJP— CAPERCAILLIE. 39 



SO that records of examples shot are always open to doubt. 

 The name occurs in Willughby (1678). Jenyns calls it the 

 Canada Swan. The name Canada Goose is also applied 

 to the BARXACLE-GOOSE. 



Canada 0\\t. : The AMERICAN HAWK-OWL. (Jenyns.) 



Canadian Diver : The RED-THROATED DIVER. (Winter- 

 plumage.) 



Canary. Originally so called from its having been brought 

 from the Canary Isles. Wild examples of tin's universal cage- 

 bird have occurred in our islands, but, as the species is 

 non-migratory, such occurrences have been generally put 

 do\^Ti to escaped birds. 



Canbottle : The LONG-TAILED TITMOUSE. (Staffs, and 

 Salop.) So called from the shape of the nest (see Bottle-tit). 

 Can occurs in Shakespeare as a kind of cup. 



Caouen. a Cornish name for an Owl. 



Cape Pigeon. A species of Petrel inhabiting the Southern 

 Seas, which is said to have occurred in our islands. 



CAPERCAILLIE [No. 462]. The name accepted since the 

 date of Yarrell's first edition (1843) for a large species of 

 Grouse, more often pre\dously known by its English names 

 of Wood Grouse, or Cock of the Wood, and former^ indi- 

 genous to the northern parts of the British Islands, but 

 finally extirpated in Scotland and Ireland during the 

 eighteenth century, and re-introduced in the Higlilands 

 from Sweden in 1837. The Scots name is variously written 

 Capercaillie, Capercally, Caperkally, Caperkellie, Caper- 

 cailzie, Capercalze and Capercali, and its precise derivation 

 seems very uncertain. Gesner (" Hist. Anim.," 1554, 

 lib. HI, p. 159) has, " De capricalca, quam Scoti vulgo 

 appellunt ane capricalze," and immediately following he 

 terms it Capercalze, which is the spelling used by Sibbald 

 (1684). Yarrell states that the form Capercaillie adopted 

 by him and given also by Fleming (1842) is derived from 

 the Gaelic Capullcoille, lit. "horse of the wood," a dis- 

 tinction intended to refer to size, it being pre-eminentlj'- 

 large in comparison with others of the genus (a similar 

 example being found in bullfmch). Rev. Dr. T. Maclauchlan, 

 as cited by Professor Newton, thinks the derivation is from 

 GaeUc Cabhar, an old man, but by metaphor an old bird, 

 and coille, a wood — " the old bird of the wood." Cabhar, 

 however, may also mean a hawk, and is pronoimced 

 Cavar. Dr. Maclauchlan thinks it not unlikely, however, 

 to be the origin of the word spelled " Caper." A similar 



