AJVATOA/V OF BIRDS 



251 



advance beyond the maxillopalatines, as in most birds, (i) In llhea^ 

 the vomer is as long as usual in birds, and articulates behind with 

 the palatines and pterygoids, but does not join the maxillopalatines 

 in front ; the short palatines unite with the inner and posterior 

 edges of the thin fenestrated maxillopalatines. (c) In Casuafius 

 and Dromcvm (cassowary and emeu) the long vomer articulates 

 behind with the palatines and pterygoids, and unites in front with 

 the maxillopalatines ; these are flat, imperforate, and solidly joined 

 to the premaxillffi ; the palatines are short. {(I) The extinct Dinornis 



ErnJi> 



Fig. 76. — Dromccognathous 

 skull of tinamou (Tinamus ro- 

 bust us) ; copied by Shufeldt from 

 Huxley. Letters as before. 



M 



'xp 



Pt-. 



Fig. 77. — ScMzog7mihous skull of com- 

 mou fowl, nat. size ; from nature by Dr. R. 

 W. Shufeldt, U.S.A. Letters as before, 

 except Pa, palatine. 



had flat imperforate maxillopalatine plates uniting solidly with the 

 premaxillse, and probably with the vomer, as in Dromceus. (e) In 

 Apteryx the long vomer unites with palatines and pterygoids behind ; 

 short broad palatines suture obliquely with flat imperforate maxillo- 

 palatine plates, which unite both with premaxillary and vomer. (/) 

 The. tinamous, Dromceognathce (Fig. 76) " have a completely struthious 

 palate " ; vomer very broad, uniting in front with broad maxillo- 

 palatine plates as in Dromceus ; behind articulating with posterior 

 ends of palatines and anterior ends of pterygoids, both of which are 

 thus prevented, as in all Batitce, from any extensive connection with 

 the rostrum ; basipterygoid processes springing from body of 



