884 Au er. Der polygraphische Apparat der k. k. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei. 



galvanolypy, cliemitypy, all those new applieations of art and seienee which dimly foreshadow an 

 unknown futnrc, are representtd here ; and lithography , that new sister of typography, also 

 appears , with the new adjuncts of chromo-typy and ehromo-lithography. 



The beautiful and rieh coUection of Orienlal types, of which we have counted more than 

 a hundred different sorts, as well engravcd as they are well cast, proves that in Austria learnin» 

 is not less eneouraged than the arts. 



By the side of so many objeets relating; to typography, we must admire the typographic 

 plates, each measuring 540 Square inches, formed by the galvanic process , and producing, in 

 eopper, letters of all languages, from which many millions of copies may be printed without any 

 appearance of wear and tear." 



Page 403, — «The 130 foreign founls in the specimen-book of the National Printing- 



office of France offer an interesting subject of eomparison with the rieh colleetion of the Imperial 

 Printing-office of Austria." 



rl' 'S to l'P desired that the National Printing-office of France , following the 



example of the Imperial Printing-office of Austria etc." 



Page 407, „The Imperial Printing-office of Austria has exhibited the whole colleetion of 

 the new applieations of the typographical art, such as the galvanoplastic process, galvanography, 

 galvanoglyphy, and chemitypy, which, bringing their co-operation to the aid of typography, enable 

 it to reproduee, in some degree, nature itself. It may therefore be Said that these new branches 

 are to typography what photography is to the art of drawing." 



The galvanoplaslic Process. — „We have, for instance, seen antediluvian fishes reproduced 

 upon paper, at this Eihibition, with the exaetness of nature itself. By means of suceessive layers 

 of gutta percha applied to the stone inclosing the petrified fish, a raould is obtained, which being 

 afterwards submitted to the action of a galvanic battery, is quickly covered with coatings of 

 eopper, formiug a plate upon which all the marks of the fish are reproduced in relief, and which, 

 when printed at the typographic (?_) press , gives a result upon the paper identical with the 

 objeet itself." 



Galvanography. „The Anstrian Printing-office has shown us some remarkable results of this 

 process. An artist Covers a plate of silvered eopper with different coats of a paint composed of 

 any oxide, such as that of iron, burnt terra sienna, or black lead, ground with linseed oil. The 

 suhstance of these coats is of neccssify thick or thin, according to the inteusity given to the 

 lights and shades. The plate is then submitted to the action of the galvanic battery, from which 

 another plate is obtained, reproducing an intaglio copy, with all the unevenness of the original 

 painting. This is an actual eoppcr-plate, resembling an aquatint, and obtained without the assist- 

 ance of the engraver." 



Chemitypy. „For the purpose of obtaining casts in relief from an engraving, the process of 

 chemitypy is equally ingenious. A polished zinc plate is covered Avith an etching ground; the 

 design is etehed with a poiut and bitten in with diluted aquafortis; the etching ground is then 

 removed, and every particle of the acid well cleancd off. For this purpose the hollows of the 

 engraving are first washed with olive oil, then with water, and afterwards wiped, so that there 

 may not remain the least trace of the acid. The plate, on which must be plaeed filings of fusible 

 metal, is then heated by means of a spirit-lamp, or any conveuient mcans, until the fusible metal 

 has filled up all the engraving; and when cold it is seraped down to the level of the zinc plate, 

 in such a manner that none of it remains except that which has entered into the hollow parts of 

 the engraving. The plate of zinc, to which the fusible metal has become unitud, is then submitted 

 to the action of a weak Solution of muriatic acid, and as of these two metals the one is negative, 

 and the other positive, the zinc alone is eaten away by the acid, and the fusible metal which had 

 entered into the hollows of the engraving, is left in relief, and may then be printed from by 

 means of the typographic press." 



Page 410, „The Imperial Printing-office of Austria, deeomposing each part of a Chinese 

 Word into as many pieces as it contains strokes of the pen, reconstructs the words by means of 

 these liltle pieces, which the eompositor groups together so as to construct any Chinese word. 

 The number of points aud strokes is about 400, and they appear to be a most complete system 

 of Chinese typography." 



Page 431, „The Jury have awardod a Council j*ledal to ilie Imperial Court and 



Government Printing'-offlee of Vienna for their new processcs in typography, gal- 

 vanoplastic, and chemitypic printing: for the variety of their Oricntal types, and perfect cxecution 

 of the punches, as well as for the general eieellence of the numerous specimeos exhibited in 

 Stereotyping, electrotyping, printing, and boolibinding." 



Finally, under class XXX, page 703, „lithochromy. The Imperial Printing-office of Vienna. 

 The work „Paradisus Vindobouensis," exhibited by this establishment, contains a great number 

 of lithographs of flowers and plants, which are represenled in form, colour, and every other 

 respect, with remarkable truth to nature. Prize Medal." 



