128 



Gelehrte Gesellschaften. 



a length of 12 inches. They are comparatively stout, run along the surface 

 of the ground , and are mostly leaf- and flower-bearing throughout. These 

 runners have nodes or joints from each of which the leaves and erect cleisto- 

 gamous flowers start — usually one of each. They root at these nodes, and, 

 during the month of October, break away from the parent plant, the nodes 

 forming the nuclei of new plants for the nextyear. In nearly every specimen 

 the cleistogamous flowers far outnumber the others. The typical form of 

 V. lanceolata has somewhat shorter and more robust runners, which are also 

 more leafy — sometimes appearing almost like incipient branches. While the 

 latter two species are invariably found in Company, the former is more offen 

 solitary, which is another point in its claim for specific distinction. 



In all three species the runners begin to form about the middle of August, 

 reach their lull growth about the beginning of October , and then most of 

 them decay except at the points where they have taken root. 



Viola odorata produces both runners and cleistogamous flowers. The 

 flowers are quite numerous , starting from and clustering around the main 

 rootstock. They are very much appressed, sometimes appearing as if sub- 

 terranean. The runners, although having leaves, do not seem to bear cleisto- 

 gamous flowers. 



Viola canina var. sylvestris, shows a very beautiful transformation. The 

 branches of the season become elongated , sometimes to füll seven inches, 

 and bear Clusters of cleistogamous flowers, each upon a short, slender peduncle 

 in the axils. In some specimens little branchlets start from the axils, bearing 

 both leaves and flowers. The autumnal peduncles are not more than two 

 inches long , while those of the early spring are generally three or four 

 inches in length. Again , in the spring , there is but one flower from each 

 axil, while in the autumn there are two or more. 



Viola pedata adparently does not produce cleistogamous flowers , but it 

 very commonly blossoms a second time in the autumn. Specimens have 

 been collected as late as the middle of November. 



Mr. S c h r e n k supplemented the paper with some notes on the structure 

 of cleistogamous flowers. 



Mr. Britton referred to a peculiar form of Viola blanda (V. amaena 

 Leconte) with petioles and peduncles flecked with red. 



Veronica Buxbaumii, Tenore, is reported by Mr. Britton as becoming 

 a weed in many places. It is very common in gardens at New Dui-p, S. L, 

 and specimens have just been received from New Brunswick, N. J. 



Inhalt: 



Referate : 

 BaumWoU- uua Jute-Industrie in British- 



Indien, p. 117. 

 Bericht über das Flolzgeschaft im I. Quartal 



1884, p. 117. 

 Clirlsty, New commercial plants and drugs, 



p. 108. 

 Drude, Ueber das Gefrieren und Aufthaueu 



der Binnenseen in Beziehung zur Vege- 



tatiiinseutwicklung, p. 114. 

 Eichler, Der Blütenbau der Zingilieraceen, 



p. 104. 

 Holnhy, Knoblauch als Volksheilmitlel bei 



den Slovaken Nordungarns, p. IIG. 

 Jacksonville in Florida, p. 116. 

 Kell, Vergleichung der erzgebirgischen Flora 



mit der des Riesengt-hirges, p. 116. 

 Lange, Die Entwicklung der Oelbchälter in 



den Früchten der ümbelliferen, p. 103. 

 Leanig , Synopsis der drei Naturreiche. 



.3. Aufl. von Frank, p. 97. 

 Loret, Papaver Roubiaei Vig., p. 116. 

 Mariz, Subsidios para o istudo da flora 



portugueza, p. 107. 

 Norrliu, Adnotationes de Pilosellis Fennicis. 1., 



p. 115. 

 Kouy, Additions ä la Flore de France, 



p. 116. 



Schmidt, Botan. Charakterbilder aus der 

 Umgegend von Elberfeld, p. 115. 



Töllner, Untersuchung des Knochenmehls 

 auf Steinnusspulver, p. 117. 



Verkauf essbarer Schwämme, p. 116. 



Weiske, Ist die Celiulose ein ^ahrungsstofl■? 

 p. 117. 



DN'eue Litteratur, p. 114. 



"Wiss. Original-ÜVIittlieilvingeii : 

 Ludwig, iJie verschiedenen Formen des 

 Saltmales bei Erodium cicutarium L'Hörit. 

 mit Rücksicht auf die übrigen entomophilcn 

 Erodiums|)ecies, p. 118. 



öelelirte C3-esellsolxailteri : 



Linnean Society of London : 



Croinbie, On the Algo ■ liehen - fungal 



Hypothesis, p. 125. 

 Polaiid, Bacillus of Anthrax, p. 125. 

 Rolfe, Hyalocaly.\, p. 126. 

 , Oii the Flora of the Philippine 



Islands , and its probable derivation, 



p. 126. 

 Teppel'i Bank.sia marginata, p. 126. 

 Torrey Botanical Club New York: 

 Hollick, Genus Viola, p. 127- 



Verlag von Theodor Fischer In Cassel. — Druck von Friedr. Scheel in Oassel. 



