ABBREVIATIONS 23 



identified by the name of the person who first isolated them, 

 thus: CI. septicum Pasteur. Whenever we isolate a new 

 Esch. coll we must assume that it is a new strain different 

 from any other, as two cultures cannot be said to be of the 

 same strain unless they have identical chemical properties, 

 qualitatively and quantitatively, under all possible conditions 

 of growth. In practice we never assume that two organisms 

 are of the same strain unless we know that they have both 

 been cultivated from the same mother-culture (or ideally 

 from the same mother-cell), and even then it is not uncommon 

 for an organism to give rise to two or more strains by mutation 

 in the course of serial subcultivation. The chemist working 

 with bacteria must be careful to specify not only the species 

 but also the strain of any organism used for a given purpose, 

 and it does not follow that a published experiment can be 

 repeated unless the identical strain used in the original work 

 is used for the repetition. The relation between serological 

 types and biochemical strains has not yet been sufficiently 

 clarified for any general statement to be made ; it is probable 

 that a group of organisms belonging to one serological type 

 would contain strains separable on biochemical grounds. 



Abbreviations 



The standard abbreviations for generic names have been 

 adopted in this book: Bad. for Bacterium, B. for Bacillus, 

 CI. for Clostridium, Esch. for Escherichia, Pr. for Proteus, 

 Ps. for Pseudomonas, Staph, for Staphylococcus, S. for 

 Streptococcus. Where genera are mentioned or species not 

 included in Table I, these have been given their full titles. 



FOR FURTHER READING 



Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, Bergey (Bailliere, 

 Tindall and Co.). 



Handbook of Practical Bacteriology, Mackie, T. J., and 

 McCartney, J. E. (Livingstone). 



The Bacterial Cell, Dubos, R. (Harvard University Press). 



Fundamentals of Bacteriology, Frobisher, M. (W. B. Saunders). 



