58 International Code of Nomenclature 



Recommendations 9a, 9b. Designation of Nomenclatural Types 



RECOMMENDATION 9a. When publishing the name of a new taxonomic 

 group (taxon), authors should designate carefully the nomenclatural type 

 of the taxon being named. This type determines the application of the name 

 in the event of this taxonomic group being subsequently divided. 



ANNOTATIONS 



Recommendation 9a. In recent years many authors of new generic 

 names have designated the type species. Castellani and Chalmers 

 (1919) definitely designated Bacterhim coli commime Escherich as 

 the nomenclatural type of their new genus Escherichia with the name 

 Escherichia coli (Migula) Castellani and Chalmers. 



Waksman and Henrici named a new genus Streptomyces, with the 

 type species Streptomyces albiis (Rossi-Doria) Waksman and Hen- 

 rici (Streptothrix alba Rossi-Doria, Actinomyces albns (Rossi-Doria) 

 Krainsky) . 



RECOMMENDATION 9b. The utmost importance should be given to the 

 preservation of the original "type" material on which the descriptions of 

 new species and subspecies are based. If the microorganism is one which 

 may be maintained in pure culture, an authentic culture designated as the 

 type culture should be deposited with one or more of the national or inter- 

 national type culture collections. 



Bearing in mind the morphological, biochemical, antigenic and virulence 

 changes that may occur as the result of repeated subculture, every pre- 

 caution should be taken to maintain such cultures with a minimum amount 

 of change. It is likewise important that descriptions, illustrations and diag- 

 noses of new species and subspecies be as complete as possible. 



ANNOTATIONS 



Recommendation 9b. Corresponding statements in the Botanical 



Code read: 



It cannot be too strongly recommended that the original material, 

 especially the holotype, of a taxon be deposited in a permanent re- 

 sponsible institution and that it be scrupulously preserved. Where 

 living material has been designated as a type, appropriate parts of 

 it should be immediately preserved. 

 The Zoological Rules have several provisions relative to type 



specimens. 



Holotypes, syntypes and lectotypes are the property of science. 

 Upon publishing a description of a new species, subspecies or "in- 

 frasubspecific" form, an author should affix a conspicuous label to 

 the holotype or lectotype, indicating its type status, and should 

 deposit the specimen in a museum or other institution where it 

 will be safely preserved and will be available for study. 



