60 International Code of Nomenclature 



Rule 10. Sect. 3. Publication of Names 



In preparation for this Congress Vuillemin (1913) published a 

 paper in which he discussed bacterial classification and nomenclature. 

 He concluded that die best approach was to determine which generic 

 names were correct, to publish these names as geyiera conserifanda 

 and date all bacterial classification from 1915 when the list was to 

 have been adopted by the next Congress. A study of Vuillemin's 

 paper reveals that he himself does not formulate tenable bases for 

 differentiation of genera and his reasons for choosing certain generic 

 names and abandoning others will scarcely withstand critical analysis. 



The Committee on Classification of the Society of American Bac- 

 teriologists suggested that the publication of the third edition of 

 Zopf's Die Spakpilze in 1885 be made the point of departure. 



The first International Congress of Microbiology 1930 approved 

 the following statement: 



In view of the adequate provisions made for special regulations 



relating to the bacteria, and the feasibility of designating genera 

 conservanda among the bacteria by international agreement, it is 

 believed that the greatest stability will be conferred by the adoption 



of the publication of Species Plantariim by Linnaeus in 1753 as the 

 point of departure for bacterial nomenclature. The adoption of this 

 date is recommended. 



This recommendation was presented to the London Botanical 

 Congress in 1930 and approved. Through some oversight this date 

 was not included in the Botanical Codes published in 1935 and 1952. 



There apparently are no names of organisms now included among 

 the bacteria that were proposed before 1773 (by Mueller) . Before 

 the year 1825 only two genera (Polyangium and Serratia) now in- 

 cluded in the bacteria were described as plants, and before 1850 only 

 three additional {Beggiatoa, Leptothrix and Sarcina) . All other 

 genera named were, until 1857, included in the Animal Kingdom. 



The fixing of the date 1753 ensures that all published bacterial 

 names must be considered. 



In zoology the corresponding beginning date of valid publication 

 is that of the tenth edition, 1758, of the Systema Naturae of Linnaeus. 

 This is fixed as the work that inaugurated the consistent application 

 of "binominal nomenclature" in zoology. This date of publication 

 is accepted as the starting point of zoological nomenclature and of the 

 Law of Priority. Any names of taxa in zoology published in other works 

 in 1758 are to be considered as published after the tenth edition of the 

 Systemae Naturae. 



