68 International Code of Nomenclature 



Recommendations 12a, 12b, 12c, 1 2d, 1 2e. 



RECOMMENDATION 12a. When names of new taxa are published in works 

 written in a language unfamiliar to the majority of workers in bacteriology, 

 it is recommended that the authors publish simultaneously the diagnoses in 

 a more familiar language. 



RECOMMENDATION 12b. Authors should indicate precisely the date of their 

 works. In the case of a work appearing in parts, the last published sheet 

 of the volume should indicate the precise dates on which the different fas- 

 cicles or parts of the volume were published as well as the number of pages 

 in each. 



RECOMMENDATION 12c. When works are published in periodicals, the 

 author should require the publisher to indicate on the separates or reprints 

 the date (year and month, if possible the day) of publication and also the 

 title of the periodical from which the work is extracted. Separates or reprints 

 should always bear pagination of the periodical of which they form a part; 

 if desired, they may also bear a special pagination. 



RECOMMENDATION 12d. An author who describes and names a new taxon 

 should indicate the rank of the taxon concerned and also the name and rank 

 of the next higher taxon, (i.e., the name of the family to which a new genus 

 is allocated, the name of the order in which a new family is placed). 



RECOMMENDATION 12e. An author, when publishing the name of a new 

 taxon, should designate the type and, in the case of a species or subspecies 

 cultivable on artificial media, or otherwise preservable in pure culture in the 

 living state, indicate the collection where the type strain or its equivalent is 

 deposited. 



ANNOTATIONS 



Recomynendation 12e. In Botany a new name of a taxon of rank of 

 order or below published after 1 Jan. 1958 is valid only when the 

 nomenclatural type is designated. If the nomenclatural type is a speci- 

 men the place where it is conserved should be indicated. 



The zoologists have a Rule (not a Recommendation) which re- 

 quires that a new generic or subgeneric name proposed subsequent to 

 31 Dec. 1930 be accompanied by a clear and unambiguous designation 

 of a type species for validation. This rule indirectly provides that no 

 new generic or subgeneric name is validly published if contained 

 species are not designated or indicated. The Zoological Code also 

 recommends that the author of the name of a new genus or subgenus 

 should not only indicate but expressly designate the type species by 

 name and, where the name of the species has previously been pub- 

 lished, he should cite the bibliographic reference and its new species 

 name (binomen) . 



