Section 4 



Citation of Authors and Names 



RULE 15a. For the indication of the name (unitary, binary, or ternary) of a 

 taxon to be accurate and complete, and in order that the date may be 

 readily verified, it is necessary to cite the author who first published the 

 name in question. An alteration of the diagnostic characters or of the cir- 

 cumscription of a group without exclusion of the type does not warrant the 

 citation of an author other than the one who first validly published the 

 name. 



RULE 15b. A name conserved so as to exclude its type is not to be ascribed to 

 the original author with such expressions as emend., mutatis choract., etc.; but 

 the author whose concept is conserved must be cited as authority. 



NOTE. Retention of a name in a sense which excludes the type can be ef- 

 fected only by conservation. 



NOTE. See Provisions 4 and 5 for method of conserving names. 



ANNOTATIONS 



Rule 15a. Examples: Plocamobacteriales Pribram (or Pribram 1933) ; 

 Proteus Hauser (or Hauser 1885) ; Serratia marcescens Bizio (or Bizio 

 1823). 



Two or more authors may join in the publication of names of 

 new taxa. It is often awkward and unnecessary to cite the names of 

 all the co-authors, especially when there are more than two. It has 

 become increasingly common to cite the name of the first author fol- 

 lowed by et al. For example, Hauduroy, Ehringer, Guillot, Magrou, 

 Prevot, Ronet and Urbain, in their Dictionnaire des Bacteries Patho- 

 genes, have proposed a large number of new combinations (comb, 

 nov.) . To list seven names after each of these new combinations is 

 obviously undesirable. The formula Pasteurella ellingeri Hauduroy 

 et al. has been used. 



In the first and second editions of Bergey's Manual of Determina- 

 tive Bacteriology, the five members of the Committee on the Manual 

 (Bergey, Harrison, Breed, Hammer and Huntoon) have been re- 

 garded as joint authors of all new names of taxa included. Citation 

 is customarily to Bergey et al. 



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