76 International Code of Nomenclature 



Rule 16. Sect. 4. Citation of Authors and Names 



RULE 16. When a genus, a subgenus, a species, or a subspecies (variety) is 

 altered in rank but retains its name or epithet, the original author must be 

 cited in parentheses, followed by the name of the author who efFected the 

 alteration. The same holds when a subgenus, a species, or a subspecies 

 (variety) is transferred to another genus or species with or without altera- 

 tion of rank. 



ANNOTATIONS 



Rule 16. Example: Philip 1943, proposed the name Coxiella for a 

 new subgenus of the genus Rickettsia. The name of the subgenus 

 with the author citation is Coxiella Philip, or Coxiella Philip 1943. 

 Philip elevated the subgenus to the rank of genus, the generic name 

 with author citation is Coxiella (Philip) Philip 1948. An organism 

 regarded as the cause of syphilis was named Spirochaete pallida; with 

 author's citation it is Spirochaete pallida Schaudinn and Hoffmann 

 1905. Vuillemin concluded that the organism was improperly placed 

 in the genus Spirochaete and proposed the generic name Spironeyna 

 with the species name Spironeina pallidum, with author citation, 

 Spironeyna pallidum (Schaudinn and Hoffmann 1905) Vuillemin 1905. 

 Schaudinn noted that Spironeyna was illegitimate because it is a later 

 homonym and proposed the new generic name TrepoJiema; the 

 species name with author citation is Treponema pallidum (Schaudinn 

 and Hoffmann 1905) Schaudinn 1905. 



Botanical Code. The Rule is essentially the same, but is more 

 explicit in requiring that the name or epithet published by the 

 original author was legitimate. 



Zoological Rules. The rules are somewhat more explicit. When 

 it is desired to cite the name of the author of the name of a taxon. 

 the citation should follow the scientific name without separation by any 

 mark of punctuation. 



When a species or subspecies is transferred to another than the 

 original genus or when the specific name (specific epithet) is combined 

 with any other generic name than that with which it was originally 

 published, the name of the author of the specific name (specific 

 epithet) is retained in parentheses. Citation of the author of the new 

 combination is desirable; his name follows the parentheses. In the 

 Zoological Code rather more emphasis is laid ujx)n the citation of the 

 name of the author of the specific epithet, in the Botanical and Bac- 

 teriological Codes rather more upon the author of the combination. 



Abbreviations of the names of authors. There is no provision in 

 the Bacteriological Code for the abbreviation of the names of authors 

 of scientific names. In general such abbreviations are unnecessary 

 and inadvisable. 



