346 



GENERAL INDEX 



Mutualistic relationships among micro- 

 organisms, 14, 38-41, 43 

 Mycoin, I 5 8 



Mycolysate, 55, 107, 224 

 Mycophagy, 124 

 Mycorrhizal fungi, 249 

 Mytogenetic rays, 53 



Nematodes 



control of, 150-151 



in control of insect pests, 1 48-1 50 

 Neocolysin, 224 



Nitrite production method for measur- 

 ing activity of penicillin, 76 

 Nitrogenous bases, 53 

 Nitrogenous ring compounds, 53 

 Nonspore-forming bacteria, 88-99 

 Notatin, 67, 130, 270 



chemical nature, 158, 160, I 80 



effect on bacteria, 125 

 Nutrition of microorganisms, 12-13, 

 196 



Organic bases, 161 

 Oxford unit, 74, 130 

 Oxygen supply of soil, 3 

 a-Oxyphenazine, 92, 93 



Para-amino-benzoic acid, eif ect on peni- 

 cillin, 205-206 

 Parasiticin, 132, 157, 270 

 Parasitism, 1 4, 40 

 Paratyphoid, 86, 90 

 Partial disinfection of soil, 258 

 Partial sterilization of soil, 145, 250 

 Passive antagonism, 49 

 Pathogenic organisms 



in fecal wastes, 23 



In soil, 14-15, 16-18, 27-36 

 Patulin, 134, 157, 182-183, 237, 249, 



270 

 Penatin, 125, I 30, 158, I 80, 270 

 Penicidin, 125, 131, 158, 185, 270 

 Penicillamine, 179 



Penicillic acid, 1 30, 1 81-182, 198, 

 270 



chemical nature, 158, 160, 161 



Penicillic acid (cont.) 



effect on bacteria, 125, 131, 207 



structural formula, 164 

 Penicillin, 67, 175-179, 260-261, 270 



animal experiments with, 128, 229- 



232 , 

 antiluminescent activity, 77 

 chemical nature, 53, 159, 177, 178- 



179 

 compared with 



actinomycin, streptothricin, and 



clavacin, 1 90-1 91 

 chemical substances, 70, i 89 

 gramicidin, 192, 203 

 sulfanilamide, 229, 232, 233, 261 

 sulfathiazole, 204 

 sulfonamide, 205, 227-230, 234 

 crystals, frontispiece 

 differentiation of bacteria by, 219- 



220 

 effect on bacteria, 75, 77, 125, 195, 

 198, 202-206, 211, 212, 234, 

 259 

 by species, 70, 72, 190, 191, 192, 



203, 204 

 resistance of bacteria, 128, 228 

 effect on cell morphology, 2 1 4-2 1 5 

 effect on fungi, 141 

 effect of ^-amino-benzoic acid and 



sulfapyridine, 205-206 

 effect of reaction, 205 

 effect on sulfanilamide, 205 

 esters of, 1 79 



inactivation of, 175, 218, 229, 237 

 in vivo activity, 226-228 

 measurement, 71, 73, 76, 179 

 medium, 65, 135 



mode of action, 202-206, 226-228 

 production, 128-130, 175-179, 237 

 stability, 205 



therapeutic value, 226-237, 261 

 toxicity, 228-229, 245 

 Penicillinase, 77, 175, 198, 218, 237 

 Penicillin B, I 25, 1 30, I 58, 180, 270 

 Penicillin-like substances, 179, i8l 

 Penillic acid, 179 



Peptones as bacteriostatic agents, 165 

 Phage in soil, 10 

 Phenazine, 164 

 Phenol, 66, 67, 70, 71, 77, 195 



