INTESTINAL SARCODINA IN GENERAL 163 



ber for a few days. The protozoa belonging to the order mycetozoa 

 are characterized by a plasmodial adult stage. They are terrestrial 

 protozoa living on decaying wood and leaves in moist places. 



The order amcebida includes four families each of which con- 

 tains parasitic and coprozoic species. In the family amcebida are 

 large numbers of intestinal amoebae including species that live in 

 man as well as those living in lower animals. Every species of 

 animal seems to be parasitized by one or more different species of 

 amoebae. These will be considered more in detail in other chapters 

 in this book. Among the amcebid.e that are coprozoic is the species 

 Hartrnannclla hyalina. This species has been cultivated from feces 

 of man and other animals. Another species, one containing two 

 nuclei, that has been found in human feces and that of certain 

 other animals is Sappinia diploidca. The genus VaJilkampfia in- 

 cludes a number of species in the life-cycle of which no flagellate 

 stage occurs. Members of this genus have been recovered from 

 the intestine of a number of different types of animals and cul- 

 tivated from the feces of man and other animals. A species that 

 can readily be obtained for study is V. patiixent from the stomach 

 of oysters, which has been studied in detail by Hogue (1921). 



Amoebae of the genus Endamocha are most frequent in the large 

 intestine of man and other animals. Certain species, however, have 

 been reported from the mouth and one species, Endaimrba his- 

 tolytica, appears to be able to live in almost any part of the human 

 body. Among the species that can be obtained easily from animals 

 are E. hlattce from the cockroach (Mercier, 1910; Lucas, 1927), 

 E. ranarum from frogs, E. muris from the rat (Kessel, 1923, 

 1924) and various other species fiom insects, amphibia, reptiles 

 and domesticated animals. A number of these have been cultivated, 

 such as E. harreti from the tortoise (Barret and Smith, 1923) and 

 E. ranarum from the frog (Barret and Smith, 1926), from cold- 

 blooded animals, as well as E. histolytica and other species from 

 warm-blooded animals. Cysts of certain of these species appear 

 in cultures and methods of hatching them have been devised, mak- 

 ing it possible to carry out various types of experiments with these 

 organisms free from bacteria. 



Since the discovery of Endolimax nafta by Wenyon and O'Con- 

 nor (191 7) several new species belonging to this genus have been 

 described. Apparently these organisms are so small that they are 

 ordinarily overlooked. Monkeys, rats, fowls, lizards and frogs are 



