CONTENTS XV 



111. The Oxidation and Metabolism of Triglycerides, Fatty Acids, and 



Glycerol in the Animal Body 71 



1. Introduction 71 



2. The Oxidation of Triglycerides and Fatty Acids 71 



(1) Methods and Theories of Fat Oxidation 71 



a. /3-Oxidation Theory • 72 



b. Multiple Alternate Oxidation Theory 80 



c. /3-Oxidation-Acetic Acid Condensation Theory 83 



d. oj-Oxidation Theory 87 



e. Miscellaneous Tj-pes of Oxidation 91 



f. Desaturation Theory as a Method of Fatty Acid Oxidation. . 91 



(a) a,i3-Dehydrogenation 92 



a'. Detection of a,/3-Unsaturated Acids 92 



b'. Reactions in Which a, /3-Dehydroge nation Occurs. ... 93 



(a') In the Oxidation of /3-Methylphenyl Fatty Acids. 93 



(b') In the Oxidation of Phenyl Fatty Acids 93 



(c') In the Removal of Water from /3-Hydro x}-- Acids . 93 



(d') In the Metabolism of a,/3-Dideutero-Acids 94 



c'. The Behavior of a,/3-Unsaturated Acids 94 



(b) /3,7-Dehydrogenation 96 



(c) 9,10-Dehj-drogenation 96 



a'. Fatty Acids Effective as Substrates 96 



b'. 9,10-Dehydrogenation as a Normal Pathway of Metab- 

 olism 97 



c'. Oxidation of 9,10-Unsaturated Fatty Acids with Triple 



Bonds 98 



g. Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Fatty Acids 99 



(a) Hydrogenation of a,(3-Unsaturated Compounds 99 



(b) Hydrogenation of 9,10-Unsaturated Compounds 100 



(2) Enzj-me Systems Involved in Fat Oxidation 100 



a. Fatty Acid Oxidase S3'stems 101 



(a) Fatty Acid Oxidase of Lehninger 101 



a'. Conditions Affecting StabiUty 102 



b'. The Nature of the Particulate Matter 102 



c'. The Requirement for a "Primer" or "Sparker" 103 



d'. Oxidative Phosphorylation and Fatty Acid Oxidation. 104 



(b) Cyclophoi'ase Preparations 104 



(c) Fatty Acid Oxidase of Drysdale and Lardy 105 



(d) Fatty Acid Oxidase of Kalnitsky and Barron 106 



(e) Fatty Acid Oxidation According to Green and Mii lOG 



a'. Activation Enzymes 106 



(a') Butyn,l Coenzyme A Dehydrogenase 106 



(b') Unsaturated Fatty Acyl-Coenzyme A Hydrase. . . 107 



(c') /3-Hydroxyacyl-Coenzyme A Dehj'drogenase 107 



b'. Fatty Acid Oxidases 107 



c'. CJeavage Enzj-mes 107 



(f ) Acetate-Activating Enzyme 108 



