CONTENTS XXXI 



XI. The Metabolism and Nutritional \ aliie of the \ ilaniins E (Toco- 

 pherols) (continued) 



(b) Adult or Chruiiic Muscle Dj-strophy 720 



a'. The Involvement of the Nervous System in Chronic 



Muscular Dystrophy 722 



b'. Changes in Muscle Enzynie Rystoms in Chronic Mus- 

 cular Dystrophy 722 



c'. Antidystrophic Agents 723 



e. The Role of Vitamin I"' in Relation to Smooth ]\Iuscle 723 



f. The Role of Vitamin E in Relation to Cardiac Muscle 724 



g. The Role of Vitamin E in the Vascular System . . 725 



(a) Exudative Diathesis 725 



(b) Nutritional Encephalomalaci'i 726 



(c) Hemorrhage in ^Mammals 727 



(d) Hemolysis 728 



h. The Role of Vitamin E in the Deposition of Adipose Tissue . 729 



i. The Role of Vitamin E in Liver Cirrhosis 730 



j. The Role of Vitamin E in Kidney Nephrosis 732 



k. The Role of Vitamin E in Preventing Stomach Ulcers. . 732 



1. The Role of Vitamin E in Depigmentation of the Teeth 733 



m. The Role of Tocopherol as a Component of Various Enzyme 



Systems 734 



n. Miscellaneous Factors Related to the Role of Tocopherol 735 



(4) The Importance of Tocopherols as Related to Their Antioxidant 



Action 736 



a. The m vivo Action of Vitamin E as an Antioxidant 737 



b. The in vitro Action of Vitamin E as an Antioxidant 738 



c. The Sparing Action of Vitamin E on Vitamin A and the 



Carotenoids 738 



d. The Vitamin E-Like Action of Methylene Blue and of Related 



Antioxidants 740 



(a) Protection against Resorption Gestation . . 740 



(b) Protection against Brown Pigmentation. . . 742 



(c) Protection against Muscular Dystrophy 742 



(d) Protection against Hemolysis of Red Blood Cells 742 



(e) Protection against Exudative Diathesis and Encephalo- 



malacia in Chicks 743 



(f) Miscellaneous Effects of Methylene Blue and of Related 



Antioxidants in Counteracting Vitamin E Deficiency . 743 



8. The Biopotency of Various Forms of Vitamin E 744 



(1) Comparative Biopotency of a-Tocopherol as Ester and Free Alco- 



hol " 744 



(2) Comparative Biopotency of dl- and D-7-Tocopherols 744 



(3) Comparative Biopotency of a-, 0-, ->-, and 5-Tocopherols 745 



9. The Requirements for Vitamin E 745 



( 1 ) Normal Requirements of Animals for Vitamin E 745 



(2) Normal Requirements of Man for Vitamin E 748 



